Talmud Jerusalem
Talmud Jerusalem

Mishnah for Shevi'it 2:1

בשם רבי יוחנן הקונה שלשה אילנות בתוך של חבירו רחוקים מטע עשר לבית סאה קרובים כדי שיהא הבקר עובר בכליו קנה קרקע שתחתיהן קרקע שביניהן שחוצה להן מלוא האורה וסלו רב אמר בעשויין צובר ושמואל אמר בעשויין שורה אמר רבי יוסי תמן איתאמרת וכא לא איתאמרת א"ר יונה אפילו הכא איתאמרת בקרובים א"ל רבי מנא ואם בקרובים והא תנינן כדי שיהא הבקר עובר בכליו איתא חמי בשעה שהבקר עובר בכליו השרשים מהלכין מן הצד ובשעה שאין הבקר עובר בכליו אין השרשים מהלכין מן הצד. ר' ליעזר שאל מזו לזו שש עשרה ולצד עשרין וחמש רבי שמואל בר רב יצחק בעי היו נתונים בצד הגדר חורשים כל בית סאה בשבילן אמר רבי יוסי אין בעי ניתן להן ארבעים סאה סאה מכאן וסאה מכאן סאה מכאן וסאה מכאן ר' ירמיה בעי היתה גפן אחת מודלה על גבי שתי סאין את חורש קרקע שתחתיה וקרקע שחוצה לו מלוא האורה וסלו חוצה לו באיסור שני פרקים הראשונים אלו מלמעלן חורשין בו מלמטן ואלו מלמטן חורשין בו מלמעלן ניחא אלו מלמעלן חורשין בו מלמטן אלו מלמטן חורשין בו מלמעלן. נשמיענא מן הדא מרחיקים את האילן מן הבור עשרים וחמש אמה ותני

Come and see, [let us test this hypothesis by implication from our mishnah]: "...from the time that the Kohanim go in to eat their terumah." It is [still close to] daytime. It is as soon as the stars come out!? [and the Tosefta says:] "...from the time when people usually go in to eat their bread on the eve of the Sabbath." That is an hour or two after nightfall! [These are obviously two very different times.] And yet you say: "These opinions are close enough to be equal!?" --Rabbi Yose said: "Let the problem be resolved [by claiming that the Tosefta refers only] to those small villages whose way is to go on up [home] while it is still day, to spare themselves from the animals." It teaches in a Baraita: "The one who recites [the Shema] before this has not fulfilled their obligation. If so, why do we recite it [before nightfall] in the synagogue? Rabbi Yose said: 'We do not recite it in the synagogue to fulfill its obligation. Rather, [we recite it] so that we may stand up in prayer after a word of Torah." Rabbi Zeira in the name of Rav Yirmiyah: "If there is doubt whether he made the blessings after his food or not, he should make the blessings [even though he may be doing it a second time]. For it is written (Deut. 8:10) 'And you shall eat, and you shall be satisfied, then you shall bless [the LORD your God...]' If there is doubt whether he prayed or not, he should not pray [as he may have already done so.]" But he disagrees with Rabbi Yohanan. For Rabbi Yohanan said: "If only a person could pray the entire day!" Why? For prayer is never a waste. If there is doubt whether he recited [Shema] or not, we may gather from this baraita: "The one who recites [the Shema] before this has not fulfilled their obligation." And is not before [nightfall] a time of doubt? And yet you say "he should recite [Shema]." This implies that if there is doubt whether he recited [Shema] or not, he should recite [Shema]. [From Tosefta 1:1] "The indicator of this is when the stars come out. And though there is no proof of it [from Scripture], there is a trace of it: (Neh. 4:21) '...we were doing the labor, and half of them were holding the spears from the break of dawn until the stars came out.' And he writes: '...it is guard-time for us by night and labor by day." How many stars should come out so that it becomes night? Rabbi Pinhas in the name of Rabbi Abba bar Papa: "One star, surely day. Two, doubt. Three, surely night." "...two doubt," [really]? But is it not written, "...until the stars came out!?" Rather, [the plural] "stars" indicates two! [Not three!]--The first one doesn't count. [An unattributed baraita:] "If he sees one star on the eve of the Sabbath and performs a creative task, he is exempt [from punishment]. Two, he brings a conditional guilt offering, Three, he brings a sin offering. On the departure of the Sabbath, if he sees on star and performs a creative task,

Mishnah Kilayim

They may not sow different species of seeds in one bed, but they may sow different species of vegetables in one bed. Mustard and small polished peas are a species of seed; large peas are a species of vegetable. If a border was originally a handbreadth high and then it fell in height, it remains valid, since it was valid at the beginning. A furrow or water channel which are a handbreadth deep, it is permitted to sow three different species of vegetables, one on one side, one on the other side, and one in the middle.
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Mishnah Terumot

Rabbi Yose says: Anything stewed with [terumah] beets becomes forbidden, because they impart a flavor. Rabbi Shimon says: cabbage from a field artificially irrigated [that is stewed] with [terumah] cabbage from a field watered by rain, is forbidden because it absorbs. Rabbi Akiba says: all things cooked together are permitted, except those with meat. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri says: liver renders other things forbidden, but does not become forbidden, because it gives off [flavor] but does not absorb.
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