Talmud for Avodah Zarah 2:1

מי גרם להן חמת מיין שהיו להוטין אחר היין. משך ידו את לוצצים כד הוה חמי בר נש כשר הוה מייתיב גביה תרין ליצנין ואמרין ליה אי זה דור חביב מכל הדורות אמר להן דור המדבר. ואינון אמרין ליה ולא עבדון עכו"ם והוא אמר לון בגין דחביבין לא איתענשון. והינון אמרין ליה חשי דמלכא בעי מיעבד כן ולא עוד אלא אינון עבדין חד ודין עבד תרין. וישם את האחד בבית אל ואת האחד נתן בדן. גסות רוחו של ירבעם היא החליטתו. א"ר יוסי בר יעקב במוצאי שמיטה מלך ירבעם על ישראל הה"ד מקץ שבע שנים במועד שנת השמיטה בחג הסוכות בבוא כל ישראל לראות את פני ה' אלהיך במקום אשר יבחר תקרא את התורה הזאת נגד כל ישראל באזניהם. אמר אנא מיתבעי מיקרי קאים אנא ואינון אמרין מלכא דאתרא קדם. ואין מיקרי תיניין גנאי הוא לי ואין לא ניקרי ביזיון הוא לי. ואין מרפינון אזלון סלקין אינון שבקין יתי אזלין לון גבי רחבעם בן שלמה הה"ד אם יעלה העם הזה לעשות זבחים בבית ה' בירושלם ישוב לב העם הזה אל אדניהם אל רחבעם. מה עשה עשה שני עגלי זהב וכתב על ליבן והרגוך אמר כל מלך דיקום יסתכל בון. א"ר חונה חובר חברי' מחוכם כל מי שהיה חוברו היה חוברו. א"ר חונה ושחטה שטים העמיקו שהעמיק ברשע אמר כל דמפרסים אנא קטיל ליה. א"ר אבין בר כהנא אף שבתות וימים טובים מצינו שבדה להם ירבעם מלבו הה"ד ויעש ירבעם חג בחדש השמיני בחמשה עשר יום לחדש בחג אשר ביהודה ויעל על המזבח כן עשה בבית אל לזבוח בחדש אשר בדה מליבו מלבד כתיב כמה דאת אמר מלבד שבתות ה'. תני עבר ונשא ונתן עמו מותר ר' יעקב בר אחא ר' יוסי בשם ר' יוחנן ואפילו ביום אידו ותני כן במה דברים אמורים בנכרי שאינו מכירו אבל בנכרי המכירו מותר מפני שהוא כמחניף להן. תני נכנס לעיר ומצאן שמחין שמח עמהן מפני שאינו אלא כמחניף להן. חד דוקינר אוקיר לר' יודן נשייא חד דיסקי' מלא דינרין נסב חד מינהון ושלח ליה שארא. שאל לרשב"ל אמר יוליך הנייה לים המלח. הרי במכירו הרי לשעבר ור"ל אמר יוליך הנאה לים המלח. א"ר אבהו ואני לא שאלני רבן גמליאל בר' מהו לילך ליריד ואסרתי לו. והתני הולכין ליריד ולוקחין משם עבדים ושפחות. ר"ל אמר לא סוף דבר עבדים ישראל אלא אפילו נכרים מפני שמקרבין תחת כנפי השכינה. מאי כדון ר"ג אדם קטן היה וביקש ר' אבהו לגודרו אבל ר' יודן נשייא אדם גדול היה וביקש ר"ל לגדור הדבר. ניחא מלהשאיל

Come and see, [let us test this hypothesis by implication from our mishnah]: "...from the time that the Kohanim go in to eat their terumah." It is [still close to] daytime. It is as soon as the stars come out!? [and the Tosefta says:] "...from the time when people usually go in to eat their bread on the eve of the Sabbath." That is an hour or two after nightfall! [These are obviously two very different times.] And yet you say: "These opinions are close enough to be equal!?" --Rabbi Yose said: "Let the problem be resolved [by claiming that the Tosefta refers only] to those small villages whose way is to go on up [home] while it is still day, to spare themselves from the animals." It teaches in a Baraita: "The one who recites [the Shema] before this has not fulfilled their obligation. If so, why do we recite it [before nightfall] in the synagogue? Rabbi Yose said: 'We do not recite it in the synagogue to fulfill its obligation. Rather, [we recite it] so that we may stand up in prayer after a word of Torah." Rabbi Zeira in the name of Rav Yirmiyah: "If there is doubt whether he made the blessings after his food or not, he should make the blessings [even though he may be doing it a second time]. For it is written (Deut. 8:10) 'And you shall eat, and you shall be satisfied, then you shall bless [the LORD your God...]' If there is doubt whether he prayed or not, he should not pray [as he may have already done so.]" But he disagrees with Rabbi Yohanan. For Rabbi Yohanan said: "If only a person could pray the entire day!" Why? For prayer is never a waste. If there is doubt whether he recited [Shema] or not, we may gather from this baraita: "The one who recites [the Shema] before this has not fulfilled their obligation." And is not before [nightfall] a time of doubt? And yet you say "he should recite [Shema]." This implies that if there is doubt whether he recited [Shema] or not, he should recite [Shema]. [From Tosefta 1:1] "The indicator of this is when the stars come out. And though there is no proof of it [from Scripture], there is a trace of it: (Neh. 4:21) '...we were doing the labor, and half of them were holding the spears from the break of dawn until the stars came out.' And he writes: '...it is guard-time for us by night and labor by day." How many stars should come out so that it becomes night? Rabbi Pinhas in the name of Rabbi Abba bar Papa: "One star, surely day. Two, doubt. Three, surely night." "...two doubt," [really]? But is it not written, "...until the stars came out!?" Rather, [the plural] "stars" indicates two! [Not three!]--The first one doesn't count. [An unattributed baraita:] "If he sees one star on the eve of the Sabbath and performs a creative task, he is exempt [from punishment]. Two, he brings a conditional guilt offering, Three, he brings a sin offering. On the departure of the Sabbath, if he sees on star and performs a creative task,

Jerusalem Talmud Avodah Zarah

HALAKHAH: “Outside a town with pagan worship,” etc. Therefore inside it is forbidden. Because in it there is one statue all of it should be forbidden? Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish says, they taught this about a fair¹¹⁷The fair is a once yearly affair in honor of some divinity and its temple receives a fee from every transaction at the fair. Trading at the fair is directly subsidizing pagan worship. Babli 11b.. What is the difference between inside and the surroundings? Inside where it profits from the toll it is forbidden. Outside it is permitted because it does not profit from the toll, but if outside it also profits from the toll it is forbidden. But was it not stated⁴⁰Tosephta 1:8; Babli 13a.: “One goes to fairs and buys there slaves, slave girls, and animals.” Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish said, not only Jewish slaves⁴¹Circumcised slaves who were property of another Jew. This cannot refer to Jews sold as slaves since it is very meritorious to redeem Jews from slavery and does not need special permission. but even Gentiles, because he brings them under the wings of the Shekhina⁴²The Divine Presence. Since the slave becomes a semi-Jew, in the words of the Babli (13b) buying Gentile slaves “diminishes the number of idolators in the world.”. But was it not stated¹¹⁸Babli 13a.: If he bought there a garment, it should be burned, an animal should be castrated, coins should be brought to the Dead Sea? One understands that a garment should be burned, coins should be brought to the Dead Sea. An animal should be castrated¹¹⁹The statement is unacceptable first because it contradicts the Tosephta and second because there is a biblical prohibition to castrate any animal (Lev. 22:24). The Babli 13a explains “castrating” as “making unfit for agricultural work” similar to the meaning of the root عقر “to starve an animal” in Arabic.? But was it not stated⁴⁰Tosephta 1:8; Babli 13a.: One goes to fairs and buys there slaves, slave girls, and animals.” Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish said, not only Jewish slaves⁴¹Circumcised slaves who were property of another Jew. This cannot refer to Jews sold as slaves since it is very meritorious to redeem Jews from slavery and does not need special permission. but even Gentiles, because he brings them under the wings of Heaven? Explain it, Israel, Israel¹²⁰He bought from a Jew who was a vendor at the fair. This shows that only the strictly religious persons followed the rules on trade with Gentiles.. But was it not stated: If somebody sells his slave to Gentiles the proceeds are forbidden¹²¹The Babli (Giṭtin45a) requires the communal court to force the seller to buy the slave back for up to 10 times the sale price. It is forbidden to sell a circumcised slave, who has to keep the Sabbath and eat kosher, to a Gentile. On the other hand, a slave who refuses to be circumcised and become a semi-Jew may be sold to Gentiles without penalty.. Again explain it, Israel, Israel. One buys from an Israel who goes to a fair because he is like one salvaging from their hands. On his return it is forbidden since he profits from pagan worship¹²²Babli 33a, Tosephta 1:15.. But from Gentiles it is permitted whether they are going or coming. Rebbi Abba the son of Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: If it was a hostelry¹²³Greek πανδοκεῖον, πανδόκιον. Since the hostelry is a place for strangers, even at the time of a fair it is exempt of the rules restricting participation of Jews. it is permitted. Rebbi Ze‘ira asked: at a fair it is forbidden, in a hostelry it is permitted? Maybe Rebbi Joḥanan said this about merchandise¹²⁴Greek πραγματεία.. Rebbi Abba the son of Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba came in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: If it was a hostelry, merchandise is permitted¹²⁵The Babli 13a, b explains that any kind of merchandise one may buy there if no fee is paid to the organizers of the fair., said Rebbi Joḥanan¹²⁶This clause is superfluous but this is not sufficient reason to delete it from the text..

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