Berakhot 12

Chapter 12

א וְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל פַּלִּיג עַל רַבָּנִין וְעָבַד עוּבְדָא כְוָותֵיהּ. וְהָא רִבִּי מֵאִיר פַּלִּיג עַל רַבָּנִין וְלָא עָבַד עוּבְדָא כְוָותֵיהּ. וְהָא רִבִּי עַקִיבָא פַּלִּיג עַל רַבָּנִין וְלָא עָבַד עוּבְדָא כְוָותֵיהּ.
1 Rabban Gamliel disagrees with the Sages and acts upon his opinion? Did not Rebbi Meïr disagree with the Sages and not act upon his opinion, did not Rebbi Aqiba disagree with the Sages and not act upon his opinion?
ב וְהֵן אַשְׁכַּחְנָן דְּרִבִּי מֵאִיר פַּלִּיג עַל רַבָּנִין וְלָא עָבַד עוּבְדָּא כְּוָותֵיהּ. דְּתַנִּי סָכִין אַלְווֹנְתִּית לְחוֹלֶה בְּשַׁבָּת. אֵימָתַי. בִּזְמַן שֶׁטָּרְפוֹ בְיַיִן וּבְשֶׁמֶן מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת. אֲבָל אִם לֹא טָרְפוֹ מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת אָסוּר. תַּנִּי אָמַר רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר מַתִּיר הָיָה רִבִּי מֵאִיר לִטְרוֹף יַיִן וְשֶׁמֶן וְלָסוֹךְ לְחוֹלֶה בְשַׁבָּת. וּכְבָר חָלָה וּבִקַּשְׁנוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת לוֹ כֵן וְלֹא הִנִּיחַ לָנוּ. וְאָמַרְנוּ לוֹ רִבִּי דְּבָרֶיךְ מְבַטֵּל בְּחַיֶּיךָ. וְאָמַר לָן אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֲנִי מֵיקַל לַאֲחֵרִים מַחְמִיר אֲנִי עַל עַצְמִי דְּהָא פְּלִיגֵי עָלַי חֲבֵרָי.
2 So we find that Rebbi Meïr disagreed with the Sages and did not act upon his opinion. We have stated: One rubs <i>olentia</i> on a sick person on the Sabbath; but only if it was mixed with oil and wine before Sabbath eve. But if he did not mix it before Sabbath eve it is forbidden. We have stated: Rebbi Simeon ben Eleazar said: Rebbi Meïr did allow to mix wine and oil and to rub it onto a sick persion on Sabbath. When he fell sick, we wanted to prepare the same for him but he did not let us do it. We said to him: Our teacher, are you going to invalidate your words when your life is in danger? He said to us: even though I am lenient for others, I am stringent for myself because my colleagues disagree with me.
ג וְהֵן אַשְׁכַּחְנָן דְּרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה פַּלִּיג עַל רַבָּנִין וְלָא עָבַד עוּבְדָּא כְּוָותֵיהּ. כַּיִי דְּתַנִּינָן תַּמָּן הַשִּׁדְרָה וְהַגּוּלְגּוֹלֶת מִשְּׁנֵי מֵתִים. אֵבֶר מִן הַמֵּת מִשְּׁנֵי מֵתִים. רְבִיעִית דָּם מִשְּׁנֵי מֵתִים. וְרוֹבַע עֲצָמוֹת מִשְּׁנֵי מֵתִים. אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי מִשְׁנֵי אֲנָשִׁים. רִבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא וַחֲכָמִים מְטָהֲרִין. תַּנִּי מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁהֵבִיאוּ קוּפָּה מְלֵאָה עֲצָמוֹת מִכְּפַר טַּבִּי וְהִנִּיחוּהָ בָּאַוִּיר הַכְּנֶסֶת בְּלוֹד. וְנִכְנַס תּוֹדְרוֹס הָרוֹפֶא וְנִכְנְסוּ כָּל הָרוֹפְאִים עִמּוֹ. אָמַר תּוֹדְרוֹס הָרוֹפֶא אֵין כַּאן שִׁדְרָה מִמֵּת אֶחָד וְלֹא גוּלְגּוֹלֶת מִמֵּת אֶחָד. אָמְרוּ הוֹאִיל וְיֵשׁ כַּאן מְטָהֲרִין וְיֵשׁ כַּאן מְטַמְּאִין. נַעֲמוֹד עַל הַמִּנְיָין. הִתְחִילוּ מֵרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה וְטִיהֵר. אָמְרוּ לוֹ הוֹאִיל וְהָיִיתָ מְטַמֵּא וְטִיהַרְתָּ טָהוֹר.
3 So we find that Rebbi Aqiba disagreed with the Sages and did not act upon his opinion. As we have stated there (<i>Mishnah Ahilot</i> 2:6): “Spine and skull from two dead bodies, a limb composed of limbs of two dead bodies, limbs taken from two living persons, Rebbi Aqiba declares them to be impure and the Sages declare them to be pure.” We have stated: “It happened that they brought a chest full of bones from Kefar Tabi to Lod and deposited it in the open air [the courtyard] of the synagogue. Theodoros the physician entered and with him all physicians. Theodoros declared that there was no complete spine from one dead person and no complete skull from one dead person. They said: Since we have here some who declare this pure and others who declare it impure, let us vote upon it. They started with Rebbi Aqiba and he declared it to be pure. They said: Since you had declared it impure, but now you vote for it to be pure, it is pure.”
ד וְהֵן אַשְׁכַּחְנָן דְּרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פַּלִּיג עַל רַבָּנִין וְלָא עָבַד עוּבְדָּא כְּוָותֵיהּ. כַּיִי דְּתַנִּינָן תַּמָּן רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר כָּל הַסְּפִחִין מוּתָּרִין חוּץ מִסְּפִיחֵי כְּרוּב שֶׁאֵין כְּיוֹצֵא בָּהֶן בִּירָקוֹת שָׂדֶה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים כָּל הַסְּפִחִין אֲסוּרִין. רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחָי עָבַד עוּבְדָא בִשְׁמִיטְתָא חָמָא חַד מְלַקֵּט סְפִיחֵי שְׁבִיעִית. אָמַר לֵיהּ וְלֵית אָסוּר. וְלָאו סְפִיחֵי אִינּוּן. אָמַר לֵיהּ וְלֹא אַתְּ הוּא שֶׁאַתְּ מַתִּיר. אָמַר לֵיהּ וְאֵין חֲבֵירַי חוֹלְקִין עָלָי. וְקָרֵי עַלוֹי וּפוֹרֶץ גָּדֵר יִשְּׁכֶנּוּ נָחָשׁ. וְכֵן הֲוָת לֵיהּ.
4 So we find that Rebbi Simeon disagreed with the Sages and did not act upon his opinion. As we have stated there (<i>Mishnah Ševiït</i> 9:1) “Rebbi Simeon says: all aftergrowth is allowed except the aftergrowth of cabbage because nothing similar grows wild. But the Sages say that all aftergrowth is forbidden.” Rebbi Simeon bar Yoḥai acted on this in a Sabbatical year. He saw a man harvesting aftergrowth. He said to him: Is that not forbidden, is that not aftergrowth? The man answered him back: Are you not the one who allows it? He retorted: Do not my colleagues disagree with me? He recited over him (<i>Eccl.</i> 10:6): “He who breaches a fence may be bitten by a snake”, and this is what happened to that man.
ה וְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל פַּלִּיג עַל רַבָּנִן וְעָבַד עוּבְדָּא כְּוָותֵיהּ. שַׁנְיָיא הָכָא שֶׁהִיא לְשִׁינּוּן. מֵעַתָּה אַף מִשֶּׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשַּׁחַר. וְאִית דְּבָעֵי מֵימַר תַּמָּן הָיוּ יְכוֹלִין לְקַיֵּים דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים. בְּרַם הָכָא כְּבַר עָבַר חַצּוֹת וְלֹא הָיוּ יְכוֹלִין לְקַיֵּים דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים אָמַר לָוֹן עוֹבְדִין עוּבְדָּא כְּוָּתֵיהּ.
5 And Rabban Gamliel disagreed with the Sages and did act on his own opinion! There is a difference here since the recitiation of the <i>Shema‘</i> is for study. But then they could have read also after the start of dawn. Some want to say that in the other cases it was possible to uphold the words of the Sages. But here it was after midnight and they could no longer fulfill the precept of the Sages; so he told his sons to act according to his opinion.