Berakhot 131

Chapter 131

א הָעוֹשֶׂה סוּכָּה לְעַצְמוֹ. אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ אֲשֶׁר קִידְּשָׁנוּ בְמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִיוָּנוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת סוּכָּה. לַאֲחֵרִים לַעֲשׂוֹת לוֹ סוּכָּה לִשְׁמוֹ. נִכְנַס לֵישֵׁב בָּהּ אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ אֲשֶׁר קִידְּשָׁנוּ בְמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִיוָּנוּ לֵישֵׁב בְּסוּכָּה. מִשֶּׁהוּא מְבָרֵךְ עָלֶיהָ לֵילֵי יוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ עָלֶיהָ עוֹד מֵעַתָּה. הָעוֹשֶׂה לוּלָב לְעַצְמוֹ. אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ אֲשֶׁר קִידְּשָׁנוּ בְמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִיוָּנוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת לוּלָב. לְאַחֵר לַעֲשׂוֹת לוּלָב לִשְׁמוֹ. כְּשֶׁהוּא נוֹטְלוֹ אוֹמֵר עַל נְטִילַת לוּלָב. וַאֲשֶׁר הֶחֱיָינוּ. וּמְבָרֵךְ בְּכָל שָׁעָה וְשָׁעָה שֶׁהוּא נוֹטְלוֹ.

1 He who makes a sukkah for himself, says: “He Who sanctified us by His commandments and commanded us to make a sukkah.” For others: “to make a sukkah in that one’s name.” If he enters it, he says: “Praise to Him Who sanctified us by His commandments and commanded us to dwell in a sukkah.” After he recited the benediction in the first night of the holiday he does not have to recite it again. He who makes a lulav for himself, says: “He Who sanctified us by His commandments and commanded us to make a lulav.” For others: “to make a lulav in that one’s name.” If he uses it, he says: “Praise to Him Who sanctified us by His commandments and commanded us to take a lulav,” and “He Who let us live.” He recites the benediction every time that he takes it.

ב הָעוֹשֶׂה מְזוּזָה לְעַצְמוֹ. אוֹמֵר לַעֲשׂוֹת מְזוּזָה. לְאַחֵר לַעֲשׂוֹת מְזוּזָה לִשְׁמוֹ. כְּשֶׁהוּא קוֹבְעָהּ אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ אֲשֶׁר קִידְּשָׁנוּ בְמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִיוָּנוּ עַל מִצְוַת מְזוּזָה. הְעוֹשֶׂה תְפִילִין לְעַצְמוֹ כו׳. לְאַחֵר כו׳. כְּשֶׁהוּא לוֹבֵשׁ אוֹמֵר עַל מִצְוַת תְּפִילִין. הְעוֹשֶׂה צִיצִית לְעַצְמוֹ כו׳. לְאַחֵר כו׳. נִתְעַטֵּף כו׳. הַתּוֹרֵם וְהַמְעַשֵּׂר אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ אֲשֶׁר קִידְּשָׁנוּ בְמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִיוָּנוּ לְהַפְרִישׁ תְּרוּמָה וּמַעֲשֵׂר. לְאַחֵר לְהַפְרִישׁ תְּרוּמָה וּמַעֲשֵׂר לִשְׁמוֹ. הַשּׁוֹּחֵט צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם אֲשֶׁר קִידְּשָׁנוּ בְמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִיוָּנוּ עַל הַשְּׁחִיטָה. הַמְכַסֶּה אוֹמֵר עַל כִּיסּוּי הַדָּם.

2 He who makes a mezuzah for himself, says “to make a mezuzah.” For somebody else, “to make a mezuzah for his name.” When he nails it to the doorpost, he recites: “Praise to Him Who sanctified us by His commandments and commanded us to about mezuzah.” He who makes tefillin for himself, etc. For somebody else, etc. When he puts them on, he says “about the commandment of tefillin.” He who makes ẓiẓit for himself, etc. For somebody else etc. When he wraps himself in them, etc.. He who separates terumah and tithes says: “Praise to Him Who sanctified us by His commandments and commanded us to separate terumah and tithes.” For somebody else, “to separate terumah and tithes for his name.” He who slaughters must say: “Praise to You, Eternal, our God, King of the Universe, Who sanctified us by His commandments and commanded us about šeḥitah.” He who covers [the blood] says, “about covering the blood.”

ג הַמָּל צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר בָּרוּךְ אֲשֶׁר קִידְּשָׁנוּ בְמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִיוָּנוּ עַל הַמִּילָה. אֲבִי הַבֶּן אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ אֲשֶׁר קִידְּשָׁנוּ בְמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִיוָּנוּ לְהַכְנִיסוֹ בִּבְרִיתוֹ שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ. הָעוֹמְדִים שָׁם צְרִיכִין לוֹמַר כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהִכְנַסְתּוֹ לַבְּרִית כֵּן תַּכְנִיסֵהוּ לְתוֹרָה וּלְחוּפָּה. הַמְבָרֵךְ צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר בָּרוּךְ אֲשֶׁר קִידֵּשׁ יְדִיד מִבֶּטֶן וְחוֹק בִּשְׁאֵירוֹ שָׂם וְצֵאֶצָאָיו חָתַם בְּאוֹת בְּרִית קוֹדֶשׁ עַל כֵּן בִּשְׂכַר זֹאת אֵל חַי חֶלְקֵינוּ צוּרֵינוּ צַוֶּה לְהַצִּיל יְדִידוּת שְׁאֵירֵינוּ מִשַּׁחַת. בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳ כּוֹרֵת הַבְּרִית.

3 He who circumcizes must say: “Praised Who sanctified us by His commandments and commanded us about circumcision.” The child’s father says: “Praised Who sanctified us by His commandments and commanded us to induce him into the covenant of our forefather Abraham.” Those who are standing there must say: “Just as you made him enter the covenant, so make him enter Torah and the marriage canopy.” He who recites the benediction must say: “Praised Who sanctified the beloved from the womb, Who put a statute in his flesh, and sealed his descendants with a holy sign of covenant; therefore, as a reward for this, o living God, our part, our rock, command to save the beloved of our flesh from destruction. Praised are You, o Eternal, Who seals the covenant.”

ד מִצְוֹת אֵימָתַי מְבָרֵךְ עֲלֵיהֶן. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר עוֹבֵר לַעֲשִׂיָיתָן. רַב הוּנָא אָמַר בִּשְׁעַת עֲשִׂיָיתָן. אַתְיָא דְּרַב הוּנָא כְשְׁמוּאֵל דְּאָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּי רִבִּי בוּן בְּשֵׁם שְׁמוּאֵל כָּל הַמִּצְוֹת טְעוּנוֹת בְּרָכָה בִשְׁעַת עֲשִׂיָיתָן חוּץ מִתְּקִיעָה וּטְבִילָה. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים קִידּוּשִׁין בִּבְעִילָה. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹנָה אִית לָךְ חוֹרָיי תְּפִילִין שֶׁל יַד עַד שֶׁלּא יַחְלוֹץ. וְשֶׁל רֹאשׁ עַד שֶׁלֹּא יִיבָהּ. לֹא יִיבָהּ מִן דִּיְיבָה הָא יִיבָהּ.

4 When does one recite the benediction for commandments? Rebbi Yoḥanan said, just before he starts doing them. Rav Huna said, when he does it. Rav Huna agrees with Samuel, since Rebbi Yose bar Abun said in the name of Samuel: All commandments need a benediction while one is doing them except blowing and immersion, and, some say, qiddušin by sexual relations. Rebbi Jonah said, you have others: Tefillin on the hand before he takes them off, and on the head before he puts them on. Before he puts them on? When he puts on, he puts them on!

ה שְׁחִיטָה אֵימָתַי הוּא מְבָרֵךְ עָלֶיהָ. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר עוֹבֵר לִשְׁחוֹט. יוֹסֵי בֶּן נְהוֹרַאי אוֹמֵר מִשֶּׁיִּשְׁחוֹט. לָמָּה שֶׁמָּא תִּתְנַבֵּל שְׁחִיטָתָהּ. מֵעַתָּה מִשֶׁיִּבְדוֹק הַסִּימָנִין. חֶזְקַת בְּנֵי מֵעַיִים כְּשֵׁרִים. תַּנִּי שָׁחְטָהּ וְנָטְלוּ הַזְּאֵיבִים מֵעֵיהָ כְּשֵׁירָה. וְחוֹשֵׁשׁ שֶׁמָּא נִיקְבוּ. רִבִּי בָּא בְשֵׁם רַבָּנָן דְּתַמָּן בְּנֵי מֵעַיִם בְּחֶזְקַת כּוֹשֶׁר.

5 When does one recite the benediction for šeḥiṭah? Rebbi Yoḥanan says, if he prepares to slaughter. Yose ben Nehorai says, after he slaughtered. Why? Maybe its slaughtering is producing a carcass. Now, should he not first check the signs? The ḥazaqah of intestines is that they are in order. It was stated: If it was slaughtered and the wolves took its innards, it is in order. Should one question whether they were pierced? Rebbi Abba in the name of the rabbis from there: Intestines have ḥazaqah that they are in order.

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