Demai 26

Chapter 26

א וְלֹא נִמְצָא עוֹשֶׂה תְקָלָה לַבָּאִים אַחֲרָיו. עוֹשֶׂה אוֹתָן צִיבּוּר לְפָנָיו. וְיִקְבַּע אוֹתָן לְתוֹךְ פֵּירוֹתָיו. וְלֹא כֵן תַּנִּי קוֹבֵעַ הוּא אָדָם מַעְשְׂרוֹתָיו שֶׁל חֲבֵירוֹ לְתוֹךְ פֵּירוֹתָיו וַאֲפִילוּ עוֹשֶׂה תְקָלָה לַבָּאִים אַחֲרָיו. אָמַר רִבִּי חִינְנָא תִּיקְּנוּ בְלוֹקֵחַ וְלֹא תִיקְּנוּ בְּמַחֲזִיר.

1 But does it not turn out that he creates an obstacle for those who come after him? Let him make a separate heap. But why can he not fix them in his own produce? Did we not state: “A person may fix his tithes for someone else, even if he creates an obstacle for those who come after him.” Rebbi Ḥinena said, they made that ordinance for the buyer but not for him who returns [produce].

ב כֵּינִי מַתְנִיתָא הָיָה עוֹמֵד וּבוֹרֵר. עַד כְּדוֹן בְּאוֹתוֹ הַמִּין אֲפִילוּ מִין אַחֵר.

2 So says the Mishnah: “If he stood selecting.” So far, of the same kind. Also, from a different kind.

ג <big>משנה:</big> הַמּוֹצֵיא פֵּירוֹת בַּדֶּרֶךְ וּנְטָלָן לְאָכְלָן וְנִמְלַךְ לְהַצְנִיעַ לֹא יַצְנִיעַ עַד שֶׁיְּעַשֵּׂר. אִם מִתְּחִילָּה נְטָלָן בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁלֹּא יֹאבֵדוֹ פָּטוּר. כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין אָדָם רְשַׁאי לְמוֹכְרוֹ דְמַאי לֹא יִשְלַח לַחֲבֵירוֹ דְמַאי. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי מַתִּיר בְּוַדַּאי וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיּוֹדִיעֶנּוּ.

3 MISHNAH: He who finds produce on the road and takes it to eat it, but then changed his mind to store it, should not store it until he tithed it. If from the start he took it up only so that it should not be spoiled, he is free. Anything a person is not permitted to sell as demay, he may not send to a friend as demay. Rebbi Yose permits certain produce on condition that he inform him.

ד <big>הלכה:</big> תַּנִּי אֵין מַעֲבִירִין עַל הָאוֹכְלִין. רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר זָבְדִי בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ הָא דָּמַר בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה. אֲבָל עַכְשָׁיו מוּתָּר מִפְּנֵי הַכְּשָׁפִים.

4 HALAKHAH: It was stated: “One does not pass by foodstuffs.” Rebbi Jacob bar Zavdi in the name of Rebbi Abbahu: That means, in earlier times. But now it is permitted because of sorcery.

ה תַּמָּן תַּנֵּינָן הַהוֹפֵךְ אֶת הַגָּלָל בִּרְשוּת הָרַבִּים וְהוּזָּק בָּהֶן אַחֵר חַיָיב בְּנִזְקוֹ. תַּנִּי וַאֲסוּרִין מִשׁוּם גֶּזֶל. כַּהֲנָא אָמַר וְהוּא שֶׁהָפְכָהּ עַל מְנָת לִזְכוֹת בָּהּ. אֲבָל אִם הָפְכָהּ עַל מְנָת שֶׁלֹּא לִזְכוֹת בָּהּ לֹא בְּדָא. וּלְעִנְיָין נְזִיקִין לֹא בְדָא שַׁנְיָיה בֵּין הָפְכָהּ עַל מְנָת לִזְכוֹת בּוֹ בֵּין שֶׁהָפְכָהּ עַל מְנָת שֶׁלֹּא לִזְכוֹת בּוֹ וְהוּזָּק בָּהֶן אַחֵר חַיָיב בְּנִזְקוֹ. וְהָכָא אַתְּ אָמַר הָכֵן. אָמַר רִבִּי אָבִין תַּמָּן כְּתִיב בַּעַל הַבּוֹר יְשַׁלֵּם בַּעַל הַנֶּזֶק יְשַׁלֵּם. בְּרַם הָכָא עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר מִשֶׁלָּךְ אַתְּ מְעַשֵּׂר וְאֵין אַתְּ מְעַשֵּׂר מִשֶּׁל אֲחֵרִים.

5 There, we have stated: “He who turns over cow dung in the public domain and a third party was hurt, is liable for damages.” It was also stated: “It is forbidden because of robbery.” Cahana said, only if he turned it over in order to acquire it. But if he did not turn it over in order to acquire it, about that one does not speak. But as regards damages, there is no difference whether he turned it over in order to acquire it or he did not turn it over in order to acquire it; if a third party was hurt, he is liable for damages. And here, you say so? Rebbi Abun said, there it is written (Ex. 21:34): “The one responsible for the pit shall pay,” the one responsible for the damage shall pay. But here (Deut. 14:22): “You shall give tithes,” you give tithes from your property but not from other people’s property.

ו כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין אָדָם רְשַׁאי לְמוֹכְרוֹ דְמַאי לֹא יִשְׁלַח לַחֲבֵירוֹ דְמַאי. מִידָּה דַקָּה שֶׁאֵין אָדָם רְשַׁאי לְמוֹכְרָהּ דְמַאי לֹא יִשְׁלַח לַחֲבֵירוֹ דְמַאי. מַידָּה גַסָּה שֶׁאָדָם רְשַׁאי לְמוֹכְרָהּ דְמַאי יִשְׁלַח לַחֲבֵירוֹ דְמַאי. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי מַתִּיר בְּוַדַּאי בֵּין דַּקָּה בֵּין גַּסָּה וְאוֹסֵר בִּדְמַאי בְדַקָּה.

6 “Anything a person is not permitted to sell as demay, he may not send to a friend as demay” Retail quantities which one is not permitted to sell as demay, one may not send to a friend as demay. Wholesale quantities which one is permitted to sell as demay, one may send to a friend as demay. “Rebbi Yose permits certain produce,” be it retail or wholesale quantities, but he forbids retail quantities that are demay.

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