Demai 34

Chapter 34

א וְרִבִּי יוֹנָה בְּעֵי מַהוּ שֶׁיִּשְׁאָלֶנּוּ דֶּרֶךְ עֲקַלָּתוֹן. רִבִּי יוֹנָה כְדַעְתֵּיהּ. רִבִּי יוֹנָה זְבַן חִיטֵּי מִן דְּבַר חֲקוּלָא נְפַק לְגַבֵּיהּ אֲמַר לָיהּ לָא דְאֲנָא חֲשֵׁיד לָךְ. אֶלָּא בְגִין דִּזְבַנִּית מִינָּךְ חִטִּין וַחֲמִית אוֹכְלוֹסָא עָלָךְ וְאָמְרִית דִּילְמָא דְּאַנְשִׁיתֵיהּ מְתַקְּנָהּ מְתַקְּנָן הֲוִיָין. טְעַן מְחַזְּקָה עָלוֹי אֲמַר לֵיהּ מַה אַתְּ חֲשַׁד לִי.

1 Rebbi Jonah asked: May he ask him in a roundabout way? Rebbi Jonah asks in this way. Rebbi Jonah bought wheat from Bar Ḥaqulah. He went to him and said, not that I suspect you, but since I bought wheat from you and I saw a multitude with you, I said maybe you forgot to put them in order. Were they put in order? He complained strongly about him and said: Why do you suspect me?

ב תַּנִּי תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁל דְּמַיי שֶׁחָזְרָה לִמְקוֹמָהּ מְדַמַּעַת שֶׁלֹּא לִמְקוֹמָהּ אֵינָהּ מְדַמַּעַת. רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר בֵּין לִמְקוֹמָהּ בֵּין שֶׁלֹּא לִמְקוֹמָהּ אֵינָהּ מְדַמַּעַת. רִבִּי בוּן בַּר חִיָיא בְּעָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי זְעִירָא מָאן דְּאָמַר מְדַמַּעַת מְדַמַּעַת. וּשְׁאֵינָהּ מְדַמַּעַת אֵינָהּ מְדַמַּעַת נִיחָא. מַאן דְּאָמַר לִמְקוֹמָהּ מְדַמַּעַת שֶׁלֹּא לִמְקוֹמָהּ אֵינָהּ מְדַמַּעַת. מַה בֵּין לִמְקוֹמָהּ מַה בֵּין שֶׁלֹּא לִמְקוֹמָהּ. עָל רִבִּי חַגַּיי. אָמְרִין. בְּדֵין הוּא מֵימַר מֹשֶׁה דַּאֲנָא אֲמַר טַעֲמָא אֲמַר מֹשֶׁה דַּאֲנָא אֲמַר טַעֲמָא מַאן דְּאָמַר מְדַמַּעַת שֶׁהִיא מַתֶּרֶת אֶת הַשְּׁיָרַיִים לַאֲכִילָה. מָאן דְּאָמַר אֵינָהּ מְדַמַּעַת שֶׁאֵינָהּ מַתֶּרֶת הַשְּׁיָרַיִים לַאֲכִילָה. הוֹרֵי רִבִּי לָא כְּהָדָא דְּרִבִּי חַגַּיי. אָמַר רִבִּי זְעִירָא אֲתָא עוּבְדָא קוֹמֵי דְּרִבִּי חֲנִינָא וְהוֹרֵי כְּרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן שְׁזוּרִי. רִבִּי אָחָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹנָתָן אֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן שְׁזוּרִי.

2 It was stated: “Heave of the tithe from demay that returned to its origin makes dema‘, not to its origin does not make dema‘. Rebbi Simeon from Shezur said, both at its origin and not at its origin it does not make dema‘.” Rebbi Abun bar Ḥiyya asked before Rebbi Zeïra: For one who says, it makes dema‘, it makes dema‘; for one who says, it does not make dema‘, it does not make dema‘; this is reasonable. But if one says, in its origin it makes dema‘, not in its origin it does not make dema‘; what is the difference between in its origin and not in its origin? Rebbi Ḥaggai came up. They said, this one will say, “by Moses, I shall explain the reason.” He said, by Moses, I shall explain the reason: He who says, it makes dema‘, because it permits the rest to be eaten. He who says, it does not make dema‘, because it does not permit the rest to be eaten. Rebbi La taught according to that of Rebbi Ḥaggai. Rebbi Zeïra said: A case came before Rebbi Ḥanina and he taught according to Rebbi Simeon from Shezur. Rebbi Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Jonathan: Practice does not follow Rebbi Simeon from Shezur.

ג יוֹתֵר מִיכֵּן הָיָה רִבַּי שִׁמְעוֹן הַשְּׁזוּרִי אוֹמֵר הִפְרִישׁ תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר וְנִשְׂרְפָה הֲרֵי זֶה שׁוֹאֲלוֹ וְאוֹכֵל עַל פִּיו. לֹא בְדָא אָמַר רִבִּי זְעִירָא אֲתָא עוּבְדָא קוֹמֵי דְּרִבִּי חֲנִינָא וְהוֹרֵי כְּרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן שְׁזוּרִי. אָמַר רִבִּי אָבִין לֹא דָמְיָא הַהִיא שְׁאִילְתָּא לְהַהִיא קַדְמִיָיתָא. תַּמָּן לָא בְּגִין חֲשֵׁיד לָךְ. אֶלָּא בְגִין דִּזְבִינַתְּ מִינָּךְ אִיתְמֹל חִיטִּין וַחֲמִית אוֹכְלוֹסִין עָלָךְ וְאָמְרִית דִּילְמָא דְּאַנְשִיתָהּ מְתַקְּנָהּ מְתַקְּנָן הֲוִיָין. בְּרַם הָכָא בְּגִין דְּחֲשַׁדְתָּךְ וְתִיקַּנְתִּין וְאִיתּוֹקְדִּין מְתַקְּנָן הֲוִיָין. רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בְּרֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּי רִבִּי בּוּן אָמַר תַּנִּי בַּר קַפָּרָא כֵּן אֵימַת הַדִּימּוּעַ עָלָיו וְהוּא אָמַר אֱמֶת.

3 “In addition, Rebbi Simeon from Shezur said: If he separated the heave of the tithe and it was burned, he asks the seller and eats on his information.” Did Rebbi Zeïra not say that a similar case came before Rebbi Ḥanina and he taught according to Rebbi Simeon from Shezur? Rebbi Avin said, this question does not compare to the first question. There it was, not that I suspect you, but since I bought wheat from you yesterday and I saw a multitude with you, I said maybe you forgot to put them in order. Were they put in order? But here, because I suspected you, I put them in order but they went up in fire. Were they put in order? Rebbi Samuel, the son of Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said that Bar Kappara stated: The fear of dema‘ is on him and he will tell the truth.

ד <big>משנה:</big> הַמַּדִּיר אֶת חֲבֵירוֹ שֶׁיֹּאכַל אֶצְלוֹ וְהוּא אֵינוֹ מַאֲמִינוֹ עַל הַמַּעְשְׂרוֹת וְאוֹכֵל עִמּוֹ בַּשַּׁבָּת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן עַל הַמַּעְשְׂרוֹת בִּלְבַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר לוֹ מְעוּשָּׂרִין הֵן. וּבְשַׁבָּת שְׁנִיָיה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא נוֹדֵר הִימֶּינּוּ הֲנִיָיה לֹא יֹאכַל עַד שֶׁיְּעַשֵּׂר.

4 MISHNAH: He who takes a vow concerning his friend that he should eat at his place but he does not trust him with the tithes, he may eat at his place the first Sabbath even though he is not trustworthy for tithes, on condition that he tell him that all is tithed. On the second Sabbath, even though he makes a vow to refuse any benefit from him, he shall not eat until he tithed.”

ה <big>הלכה:</big> רִבִּי יַנַּאי בֵּי רִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן בְּשַׁבָּת שֶׁל פְּרוֹטָגַּמִּיָיא הִתִּירוּ מִפְּנֵי אֵיבָה. אָמַר רִבִּי אָבִין כָּאן הִתִּירוּ טְבָלִים מִשּׁוּם דַּרְכֵּי שָׁלוֹם. רִבִּי חֲנִינָא אָמַר רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה בְּעֵי אִם מִפְּנֵי דַּרְכֵּי שָׁלוֹם לָמָּה לִי בִּלְבַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר לוֹ מְעוּשָּׂרִין הֵן. שָׁאֲלוֹ בַּשַּׁבָּת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה וְלֹא בָא הַשְּׁנִיָיה מַהוּ שֶׁתֵּיעָשֶׂה רִאשׁוֹנָה. אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא כָּאן שָׁנִינוּ שֶׁאָסוּר לְחָבֵר שֶׁיֹּאכַל בִּסְעוּדָה שֶׁאֵין לָהּ שֵׁם.

5 HALAKHAH: Rebbi Yannai ben Rebbi Ismaël in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: On the Sabbath of a protogamia they permitted because of hatred. Rebbi Avin said, here they permitted ṭevel because of human relations. Rebbi Ḥanina said, Rebbi Jeremiah asked: If it is because of human relations, why is it only on condition that the host tell him that it was tithed? If he invited him on the first Sabbath but he did not come, can the second Sabbath become the first? Rav Ḥisda said, here we have learned that a ḥaver may not eat at a meal that has no name.

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