Peah 73

Chapter 73

א <big>הלכה:</big> חַד תַּלְמִיד מִן דְּרִבִּי הָיוּ לוֹ מָאתַיִם חָסֵר דֵּינַר וַהֲוָה רִבִּי יְלֵיף זְכִי עִימֵּיהּ חָדָא לִתְלַת שְׁנֵי מַעֲשֵׂר מִסְכֵּינִין. עַבְדּוּן בֵּיהּ תַּלְמִידוֹי עֵינָא בִישָׁא וּמָלוּן לֵיהּ. אֲתַא בְּעָא מַזְכֵּי עִימֵּיהּ אֲמַר לֵיהּ רִבִּי אִית לִי שֵׁיעוּרָא. אָמַר זֶה מַכַּת פְּרוּשִׁים נָגְעוּ בוֹ. רְמַז לְתַלְמִידוֹי וְאַעֲלוּנֵיהּ לְקַפֵּילִין וְחַסְרוּנֵיהּ חַד קִרַט וּזְכָה עִימֵּיהּ הֵיךְ מַה דַהֲוָה יְלִיף.

1 HALAKHAH: A student of Rebbi had 199 denar; Rebbi used to let him receive the tithe of the poor once every three years. His students cast an evil eye on him and completed for him. The next time, when he wanted to let him receive, he said: My teacher, I have the measure. He said, this one was hit by a beast of prey. He gave a hint to his student who took him to a store, made him spend a carat, then he (Rebbi) let him receive as he was used to do.

ב מִשְפַּחַת אנטבילא הָיְתָה בִּירוּשָׁלִַם וְהָיְיתָה מִתְיַיחֶסֶת שֶׁל אָרְנָן הַיְּבוּסִי. פַּעַם אַחַת פָּסְקוּ לָהֶן חֲכָמִים שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת כִּיכְּרֵי זָהָב שֶׁלֹּא לְהוֹצִיאָן חוּץ לִירוּשְׁלִַם דַּהֲווֹן דָּרְשִׁין בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ לְרַבּוֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַם.

2 A family from Nevallat in Jerusalem traced its descent from Oman the Yebusite. Once the Sages alotted them six hundred talents of gold to avoid causing them to leave Jerusalem, since they interpreted “in your gates, in your gates,” to include Jerusalem.

ג וְהָתַנִּי מַעֲשֶׂה בְּהִלֵּל הַזָּקֵן שֶׁלָּקַח לְעָנִי בֶּן טוֹבִים סוּס אֶחָד לְהִתְעַמֵּל בּוֹ וְעֶבֶד לְשַׁמְּשׁוֹ. שׁוּב מַעֲשֶׂה בְּאַנְשֵׁי הַגָּלִיל שֶׁהָיוּ מַעֲלִין לְזָקֵן אֶחָד לִיטְרָא בָּשָׂר פִּי צִפּוֹרִין בְּכָל יוֹם. וְאֵיפְשָׁר כֵּן אֶלָּא דְלֹא הֲוָה אֲכַל עִם חוֹרָנִין.

3 Also, we have stated: It happened that Hillel took for a poor son of a prominent family a horse for his exercise and a slave to serve him. Also, it happened that the people of Galilee brought a Sepphoris pound of meat to an old man every day. Is this not impossible? It was because he did not eat except in company.

ד תַּנִּי מִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בִּכְלֵי זָהָב נוֹתְנִין לוֹ כְלֵי כֶסֶף. כְּלֵי כֶסֶף נוֹתְנִין לוֹ כְלֵי נְחוֹשֶׁת כְּלֵי נְחוֹשֶׁת נוֹתְנִין לוֹ כְלֵי זְכוּכִית. אָמַר רִבִּי מָנָא כְּלֵי כֶסֶף וּכְלֵי זְכוּכִית בְּגוּפֵיהֶן. וְהָתַנִּי הָיָה מִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בִּכְלֵי מִילַת נוֹתְנִין לוֹ כְלֵי מִילַת. כַּאן בְּגוּפוֹ וְכַאן בִּשְׁאֶינוֹ גוּפוֹ.

4 It was stated: “If he was used to golden vessels, one gives him silver vessels, silver vessels one gives him brass vessels, brass vessels one gives him glass vessels.” Rebbi Mana said, silver vessels and glass vessels of personal use. But was it not stated: If he was used to silk clothes, one gives him silk clothes. Here it is on his body, there it is not on his body.

ה חַד מִן אִילֵּין דִּנְשִׂייוּתָא אִיתְנְחָת מִן נִיכְסוֹי וַהֲווֹן זָכִין לֵיהּ בְּמָאן דִּחְסָף וְהוּא אֲכַל וּמוֹתִיב. אָמַר לֵיהּ אַסְיָא עִיקָּר תַּבְשִׁילָה לָא מִן גַּוְא לָפַּסָּא הוּא אֲכִיל מִן לָפַצָּא.

5 One from the family of the Patriarch lost his possessions; they provided for him in pottery vessels, he ate and threw up. The doctor told him, is not the main preparation of food in the cooking pan? Eat out of the pan!

ו עַד כְּדוֹן בְּבַעַל חוֹב שֶׁהוּא דוֹחֵק אֲפִילוּ בְּבַעַל חוֹב שֶׁאֵינוֹ דוֹחֵק. נִישְׁמְעִינָהּ מִן הָדָא הָיוּ מְמוּשְׁכָּנִין לִכְתוּבַת אִשְתּוֹ אוֹ לְבַעַל חוֹבוֹ. וְדָא אִשָּׁה לֹא כְּבַעַל חוֹב שֶׁאֵינוֹ דוֹחֵק הוּא אֵין מְחַיְיבִין אוֹתוֹ לִמְכּוֹר.

6 So far a creditor who pushes for payment. Also for a creditor who does not push for payment? Let us hear from the following: “If they were mortgaged for his wife’s ketubah or for a creditor.” Is the wife not like a creditor who does not push for payment? “One does not require him to sell.”

ז אָמַר רִבִּי חֲנִינָא צָרִיךְ אָדָם שֶׁיְּהוּ לוֹ שְׁנֵי עֲטִיפִין אֶחָד לְחוֹל וְאֶחָד לְשַׁבָּת. מַה טַעְמָא וְרָחַצְתְּ וָסַכְתְּ וְשַׂמְתְּ שִׂמְלוֹתַיִךְ וְכִי עֲרוּמָּה הָיְתָה אֶלָּא אֵלּוּ בִגְדֵּי שַׁבָּתָהּ. כַּד דְּרָשָׁהּ רִבִּי שִׂמְלַאי בְּצִיבּוּרָא בָּכוּן חֲבֵרָיָיא לְקוֹבְלֵיהּ אָמְרוּ לֵיהּ רִבִּי כַּעֲטִיפָתֵינוּ בְּחוֹל כֵּן עֲטִיפָתֵינוּ בְּשַׁבָּת. אָמַר לוֹן אַף עַל פִּי כֵן צְרִיכִין אַתֶּם לְשַׁנּוֹת מִן הָדָא וְרָחַצְתְּ וְסַכְתְּ וְשַׂמְתְּ שִׂמְלוֹתַיִךְ עָלַיִךְ וְיָרַדְתְּ הַגּוֹרֶן. וְיָרַדְתִּי כְּתִיב אָמַר לָהּ זְכוּתִי תֵּרֵד עִמָּךְ. וְעַרְטִילָא הֲוָות אֶלָּא אָמְרָה לָהּ לְבוֹשׁ מָאנֵךְ דְּשׁוּבְתָּא.

7 Rebbi Ḥanina said: A person has to have two outer garments, one for weekdays and one for the Sabbath. What is the reason (Ruth 3:3): “Wash, rub yourself with oil, and put on your clothes.” Was she naked? But that refers to her Sabbath clothes. When Rebbi Simlai preached this in public, the companions cried and said to him, our teacher, as our garments are on weekdays so our garments are on the Sabbath. He said to them, nevertheless, you have to change, from this: “Wash, rub yourself with oil, and put your clothes on yourself and descend to the threshing floor.” (It is written “I will decend,” she said to her, my merits will go down with you. Was she naked? No, she said to her: put on your Sabbath garments.)

ח <big>משנה:</big> מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ חֲמִשִּׁים זוּז וְהוּא נוֹשֵׂא וְנוֹתֵן בָּהֶן הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִטּוֹל. וְכָל מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִיטּוֹל וְנוֹטֵל אֵינוֹ מֵת מִן הַזִּקְנָה עַד שֶצָּרִיךְ לַבִּרְיוֹת. וְכָל מִי שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לִיטּוֹל וְאֵינוֹ נוֹטֵל אֵינוֹ מֵת מִן הַזִּקְנָה עַד שֶיְּפָרְנֵס לַאֲחֵרִים מִשֶּׁלּוֹ. וְעַל זֶה נֶאֱמַר בָּרוּךְ הַגֶּבֶר אֲשֶׁר יִבְטַח בַּה׳ וְהָיָה ה׳ מִבְטָחוֹ. וְכֵן דַּיָין שֶׁדָּן דִּין אֱמֶת לַאֲמִיתוֹ. וְכָל מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ לֹא חִיגֵּר וְלֹא סוֹמָא וְלֹא פִיסֵּחַ וְעוֹשֶׂה עַצְמוֹ כְּאֶחָד מֵהֶם אֵינוֹ מֵת מִן הַזִּקְנָה עַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה כְּאֶחָד מֵהֶם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר צֶדֶק צֶדֶק תִּרְדוֹף וְכָל דַּיָין שֶׁלּוֹקֵחַ שׁוֹחַד וּמַטֶּה אֶת הַדִּין אֵינוֹ מֵת מִן הַזִּקְנָה עַד שֶׁיְּהוּ עֵינֵיו כֵּהוֹת שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְשׁוֹחַד לֹא תִקָּח כִּי הַשּׁוֹחַד יְעַוֵּר עֵינֵי פִּקְחִים וגו׳.

8 MISHNAH: He who has 50 zuz and uses them for trade should not take. One who has no need to take but takes will not die of old age until he needs the creatures. One who has need to take but does not take will not die of old age until he can provide for others from what is his; for him is was said (Jer. 17:7): “Blessed be the man who will be confident in the Eternal, the Eternal will be his trust.” The same applies to a judge who delivers strictly true judgment. But one who is neither lame nor blind nor limping and presents himself as such will not die from old age until he will be one of them, as it is said (Deut. 16:20): “Justice, justice you shall pursue.” But every judge who takes bribes and bends the law will not die from old age until his eyes are dimmed, as it is said (Ex. 23:8): “Do not take bribes, for bribes blind the eyes of the seeing.”

ט <big>הלכה:</big> הָדָא אָמְרָה חַמְשִׁין עָבְדִּין טָבִין מִן מָאתַיִם דְּלָא עָבְדִּין.

9 HALAKHAH: This means that 50 at work are better than 200 not at work.

י הַמְּסַמֵּא אֶת עֵינוֹ וְהַמְּנַפֵּחַ אֶת שׁוֹקָיו וְהַמְּצַבֵּא אֶת כְּרֵיסוֹ אֵינוֹ נִפְטָר מִן הָעוֹלָם עַד שֶׁיְּהִי לוֹ כֵּן.

10 He who blinds his eye or swells his legs or blows up his belly does not leave this world until it really happens to him.

יא שְׁמוּאֵל עֲרַק מִן אָבוֹי אֲזַל וְקָם לֵיהּ בֵּין תְּרֵין צְרִיפִין דְּמִיסְכֵּינִין שְׁמַע קָלְהוֹן אָמְרִין בְּהָדֵין אַרְגֶּנְטִין אֲנָן אָכְלִין יוֹמָא דֵין בְּאַרְגֶּנְטוֹרִין דֲּהָבָא בְּאַרְגֶּנְטוֹרִין כַּסְפָּא. עֲאַל וַאֲמַר קוֹמֵי אָבוֹי. אֲמַר לֵיהּ צְרִיכִין אָנוּ לְהַחֲזִיק טוֹבָה לָרַמָּאִין שֶׁבָּהֶם.

11 Samuel ran away from his father and stayed between two huts of the poor. He heard their voices saying, on which silver will we eat today, on golden silverplate or silver silverplate? He returned and told his father about it. He said to him, we have to give thanks to the dishonest among them.

יב דֵּלֹּמָא רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן וְרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ עָלוּן מִיסְחֵי בְּהָדֵין דֵּימוֹסִין דְּטִיבֵּרִיָּא פְּגַע בּוֹן חַד מִסְכֵּן אֲמַר לוֹן זָכִין בִּי אָמְרוּ לֵיהּ מִי חָזְרוּן מִי חָזְרוּן. אַשְׁכְּחוּנֵיהּ מִית. אָמְרוּ הוֹאִיל וְלָא זְכִינָן בֵּיהּ [בְּחַיּוֹי] נִיטְפַּל בֵּיהּ בְּמִיתוּתֵיהּ. כִּי מִיטְפְּלוּן בֵּיהּ אַשְׁכְּחוּן כִּיס דֵּינַרָיָא תְּלוּ בֵיהּ. אָמְרוּ הָדָא דְּאָמַר רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ אָמַר רִבִּי לָעְזָר צְרִיכִין אָנוּ לְהַחֲזִיק טוֹבָה לָרַמָּאִין שֶׁבָּהֶן שֶׁאִילּוּלֵא הָרַמָּאִין שֶׁבָּהֶן הָיָה אֶחָד מֵהֶן תּוֹבֵעַ צְדָקָה מִן הָאָדָם וְלֹא נוֹתֵן לֹו מִיַּד הָיָה נֶעֱנַשׁ.

12 Clarification. Rebbi Joḥanan and Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish went to bathe in the public baths of Tiberias. A poor man met them and said to them: acquire merit by me. They said to him, when we return, when we return. When they returned, they found him dead. They said, since we did not acquire merit during his lifetime, let us care for him in his death. While they were occupied with him, they found a pouch of denars hanging on him. They said, that is what Rebbi Abbahu said in the name of Rebbi Eleazar: We have to give thanks to the dishonest among them, because if there were no dishonest persons among them, if one of them was requesting alms from a man and he would not give him, he would be punished immediately.

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