א רַבָּנִין דְּקֵיסָרִין אָמְרִין קְטַנֵּי גוֹיִם וְחַיְילוֹתָיו שֶׁל נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר לֹא חַיִין וְלֹא נִידּוֹנִין וַעֲלֵיהֶן הוּא אוֹמֵר וְיָשְׁנוּ שְׁנַת עוֹלָם וְלֹא יָקִיצוּ. מֵאֵימָתַי קְטַנֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל חַיִין רִבִּי חִיָיא רוֹבָה וְרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בְּרִבִּי חַד אָמַר מִשֶּׁיִּוָולְדוּ. וְחַד אָמַר מִשֶּׁיְּדַבְּרוּ. מָאן דְּאָמַר מִשֶּׁיִּוָולְדוּ יָבוֹאוּ וְיַגִּידוּ צִדְקָתוֹ לְעַם נוֹלָד כִּי עָשָׂה. וּמָאן דְּאָמַר מִשֶּׁיְּדַבְּרוּ זֶרַע יַעַבְדֶּנּוּ יְסוּפָּר לַה׳ לַדּוֹר. תַּנֵּי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי מֵאִיר מִשֶּׁהוּא יוֹדֵעַ לַעֲנוֹת אָמַן בְּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת מַה טַעֲמָא פִּתְחוּ שְׁעָרִים וְיָבוֹא גוֹי צַדִּיק שׁוֹמֵר אֱמוּנִים. תַּמָּן אָמְרִי מִשֶׁיִּמּוֹלוּ נָשָׂאתִי אֵימֶיךָ אָפוּנָה. וְרַבָּנִין דְּהָכָא אָמְרִין מִשֶּׁיִּוָּלְדוּ וּלְצִיּוֹן יֹאמַר אִישׁ אִישׁ יוּלָּד בָּהּ וְהוּא יְכוֹנְנֶיהָ עֶלְיוֹן. רִבִּי לָעְזָר אָמַר אֲפִילוּ נְפָלִים מַה טַעֲמָא וּנְצוּרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהָשִׁיב. וּנְצִירֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהָשִׁיב.
1 The rabbis of Caesarea say, Gentile minors and the armies of Nebucadnezzar will not live and will not be judged; about them it says (<i>Jer</i>. 51:39,57): “They will sleep an eternal sleep and never wake up.” From when do Jewish minors live? The elder Rebbi Ḥiyya and Rebbi Simeon ben Rebbi, one said from when they are born, the other said from when they talk. He who says from when they are born (<i>Ps</i>. 22:32): “they shall come and tell His justice to the born people He made.” He who says from when they talk (<i>Ps</i>. 22:31): “Seed will worship Him, it will by told to the Master by the generation.” It was stated in the name of Rebbi Meïr: From the time [the child] knows to answer Amen in the synagogue. What is the reason? (<i>Is</i>. 26:2) “Open the gates, let the just people come who keep trust.” There they say, from when they are circumcised (<i>Ps</i>. 88:16): “I carried your fear, I cease” But the rabbis from here say, from when they are born (<i>Ps</i>. 87:5): “He will say to Zion, everybody [who] was born [is] in it.” Rebbi Eleazar says, even the still-born, what is the reason? (<i>Is</i>. 49:6) “The watched ones of Israel to return”, the created ones of Israel to return<sup>129</sup>.