Talmud for Eruvin 5:1

מתוך שלש רבנן מאן דמר מתוך ארבע ר"מ היה מונדרן באמצע המבוי לעליונים נידון משום חריץ לתחתונים משום גדר: הרחב מעשר אמות ימעט: כיצד ממעט נותן מלתרה בפתח המבוי ומתיר המבוי לרוחב איתמרת ורבנן עבדין לה אפילו בגבוה ולא כפרוץ למלואו הוא נעשית כאכסדרה רבי מתיר אכסדרה בבית שריי כמה עמודין היה בה רבי יעקב בר אחא אמר ר' חייא ר' יוסה חד אמר ששה וחד אמר שמונה א"ר יעקב בר אחא ולא פליגי מאן דמר ששה לא מחשב אילין תרין ברייא מאן דמר שמונה מחשב אילין תרין ברייא רבי יעקב בר אחא בשם ר"א לא סוף דבר ששה לא סוף דבר שמונה אלא אם היו רבים בוקעין בה אפי' שנים יהו אסורין אם אין הרבים בוקעין בה אפי' כמה יהו מותרין מה דהוא עבדא הויא עבדה ואכסדרא שנפרצה למלואה לר"ה רבי לא ורבי יוחנן תריהון אמרין מטלטלין בכולה שמואל אמר אין מטלטלין בה אלא בארבע אמות אמר רבי יוסי ולא מודי שמואל במבוי שהוא מקורה למעלה מעשרים אמה שהוא כשר אלא מיסבור סבר שמואל והוא שיהא כל הכשר קורה בתוך עשרים אתא רבי אחא רבי חיננא בשם רבי הושעיה והוא שיהא הכשר הקורה בתוך עשרים אמר רבי יוסי ואפילו דסבר שמואל במבוי המקורה למעלה מעשרים אמה כשר לא דמי מבוי לאכסדרא מבוי נעשה לתשמיש בתים אכסדרא לא נעשית אלא לתשמיש דבר אילו מבוי שאינו מקורה ונתן הקורה בתוך עשרים שמא אינו כשר אילו אכסדרה שאינה מקורה ונתן הקורה

R. Hanina says: The sun must have gone down and the moon have commenced to rise. In effect R. Samuel says: The moon cannot shine as long as the sun still lightens, neither can the moon shine after the sun has darted his (morning) beams. R. Samuel bar-Hiya, in the name of R. Hanina, says: If a man, when the sun has begun to set, descends from the summit of Mount Carmel to bathe in the sea, and re-ascends to partake of the oblations, he has certainly bathed during the daytime. It is, however, only a certainty in the case of one taking cross-roads to shorten the route; but not in the case of one who follows the high road (Strata). What is meant by "the intermediate period "? R. Tanhooma says: It resembles the delay of a drop of blood placed on the edge of a sword, i.e. the time required for the drop of blood to divide and run down on either side of the blade, is equivalent to the period of transition. According to R. Nehemiah, it means the time it would require for a man to run half a mile, after sunset. R. Yosse says: This twilight lasts no longer than the twinkling of an eye, and not even the men of science could measure it. Whilst the R. Yosse and R. Aha were together, the former said to the latter: Does it not seem to you that the passage of this half a mile (twilight) lasts but a second? It is certainly my opinion, said R. Aha. However, R. Hiya does not say so, but each twinkling of an eye, measured by the duration of the passage of half a mile (as R. Nehemiah), is doubtful. R. Mena says : I have made an objection in the presence of R. Aha: Have we not learnt elsewhere, that if an impurity is seen, once during the day and again during the intermediate period, or once in the twilight and again on the morrow, when the certainty exists that the impurity dates partly from this day and partly from the next day, there is a certainty as to the circumstances of the impurity, and the sacrifice is obligatory.

Jerusalem Talmud Berakhot

“One does not recite the benediction over a lamp unless one has profited from its light.” Rav says y^e’utu, and Samuel says y^e‘utu¹⁵⁷Under the influence of Accadic, Babylonian Jews early on had lost the difference between aleph (’) and ayin(‘) (and he, ḥet); they re-acquired the differences only later under the influence of Arabic. Similarly, under the influence of Greek, in the speech of most Galileans also aleph and ayin had become silent. Since the Mishnah was transmitted orally, there was no difference in pronunciation between the two silent consonants and the interpretation of the words depended on whether one was imagining one or the other.
The particular case here is not discussed in the Babli. The examples from Eruvin and Avodah zarah are discussed following these Mishnayot in the Babli where at other places one also finds examples of a silent ח (Beẓah35b) and switches between ס (s) and צ (ss) (Bava qama 116b). In most cases, roots of Rabbinic expressions are sought in Biblical Hebrew.. He who says y^e’utu, (Gen. 34:15) “But with this we shall be agreeable (nē’ôt) to you.” He who says y^e‘utu, (Is. 50:4) “To know, to inform (lā‘ût) the weary of wisdom.” There (Mishnah Erubin 5:1) we have stated: How does one complete cities¹⁵⁸“Completion” is the determination of a rectangle oriented NS, EW whose edges are distant 2000 cubits from the last house of the city in that direction.? Rav says m^e’abb^erin, and Samuel says m^e‘abb^erin. He who says m^e’abb^erin, one adds a limb (אבר) to it. And he who says m^e‘abb^erin, like a pregnant (עוברה) woman. There (Mishnah Avodah zarah 1:1) we have stated: Before the holidays of the Gentiles¹⁵⁹One may not trade with them.. Rav says ‘êdêhen and Samuel says ’êdêhen. He who says ’êdêhen, (Deut. 32:35) “For the day of their misfortune (אידם) is near.” He who says ‘êdêhen, (Is.44:9) “They¹⁶⁰The idols. In the Babli (Avodah zarah 2a), the interpretation of this verse takes up several pages. are their witnesses (עידיהם), may they neither see nor know, so that they may come to naught.” How does Samuel deal with Rav’s reason? They are their witnesses, in the future they will bring to naught their worshippers on the day of judgment.

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Jerusalem Talmud Eruvin

MISHNAH: If somebody was on the road and afraid lest it get dark¹⁶Before he can reach the next town. but he knew of a tree or a wall and says, “my Sabbath rest shall be under it,” he did not say anything¹⁷The place must be defined to within 4 cubits to be valid.. “My Sabbath rest in its roots”, he walks from the place of his feet to the roots 2’000 cubits and from the roots to his house 2’000 cubits; it turns out that he may walk 4’000 cubits after nightfall.
If he does not know or is not conversant with practice and said, my Sabbath rest shall be at my place, his place empowers him 2’000 cubits in every direction, circular according to Rebbi Ḥanania ben Antigonos. But the Sages say square like a square table, that he gain the corners¹⁸In the first opinion the Sabbath domain is a circular disk of radius 2’000 cubits. In the second, authoritative, opinion it is a square of side length 4’000 cubits oriented strictly NS-EW. From the center along the diagonals in fact one may walk 2’000 √2 = 2828 cubits. Most importantly, this definition also applies to Sabbath domains of towns which always are rectangular domains oriented strictly NS-EW..

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