Talmud for Niddah 3:3

אמר רבי יהושע לא שמעתי אלא בתולה אבל הלכה כרבי ליעזר. אין אומרין מי שלא ראה את הלבנה יבוא ויעיד אלא אומר מי שראה את הלבנה יבוא ויעיד אתה לא שמעת אני שמעתי כל ימים שהיה ר' ליעזר קיים היתה הלכה כרבי יהושע משמת רבי ליעזר הנהיג רבי יהושע הלכה כרבי ליעזר. מה נן קיימין אם בששמע רבי ליעזר מפי אחד ורבי יהושע מפי שנים בין בחיים בין לאחר מיתה תהא הלכה כרבי יהושע ואם בששמע רבי יהושע מפי אחד ורבי ליעזר מפי שנים בין בחיים בין לאחר מיתה תהא הלכה כר' ליעזר כהדא דתני אחד אומר שמעתי מפי שנים ושנים אומרים שמענו מפי אחד ייפה כח האחד ששמע מפי שנים מכח השנים ששמעו מפי אחד אלא כן אנן קיימין בשוין זה שמע מפי אחד וזה שמע מפי אחד זה שמע מפי שנים וזה שמע מפי שנים בחייו לא ראה דעתו לאחר מיתתו ראה דעתו

With regard to this, we are taught that it is still day as long as the sky is red towards the east; SIGN OF [GOD'S] ANGER3 WHY MAKE MENTION OF IT? THEREUPON R. ELIEZER SAID TO HIM: I ALSO DID NOT SAY TO PRAY4 BUT TO MAKE MENTION [IN THE WORD] ‘HE CAUSETH THE WIND TO BLOW AND THE RAIN TO FALL’5 -IN ITS DUE SEASON. HE [R. JOSHUA] REPLIED TO HIM: IF THAT IS SO ONE SHOULD AT ALL TIMES MAKE MENTION OF IT. WE PRAY FOR RAIN ONLY CLOSE TO THE RAINY SEASON. R. JUDAH SAYS: THE LAST TO STEP BEFORE THE ARK6 ON THE LAST DAY OF THE FEAST MAKES MENTION, THE FIRST DOES NOT; ON THE FIRST DAY OF PASSOVER THE FIRST MAKES MENTION, THE LAST DOES NOT. GEMARA. What has the Tanna [in mind] when he teaches WHEN etc.?7 -The Tanna refers to [a Mishnah] elsewhere which teaches: We make mention of the Power of Rain in the [benediction of] the Revival of the Dead,8 and we pray for [rain] in the Benediction of the Years9 and [we insert] the Habdulah10 in [the benediction] ‘Thou favourest man with knowledge’.11 [With that passage in mind] the Tanna now teaches: When do we [begin] to make mention of the Power of Rain? Would it not have been more appropriate to teach it there, why did he leave it until now? — [Say] rather, because the Tanna had just completed [learning the Tractate] Rosh Hashanah12 where we have learnt: And on the Feast [the world] is judged through water. And, [as there] he taught: ‘And on the Feast [the world] is judged through water,’ therefore there he teaches: When do we [begin] to make mention of the Power of Rain. But let him teach: When do we [begin] to make mention of Rain: why, the Power of Rain?-R. Johanan said: Because Rain comes down by the Power [of God], as it is said, Who doeth great things und unsearchable, marvellous things without number.13 And it is [further] written, Who giveth rain upon the earth, and sendeth waters upon the fields.14 Where [in these verses is this idea] implied? — Rabbah b. Shila replied: It is derived from the analogous use of the word heker in verses treating of Creation. Here it is written, ‘Who doeth great things and unsearchable’. And there it is written, ‘Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard that the everlasting God, The Lord, the Creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth not, neither is weary? His discernment is past searching out.15 And [of Creation] it is [also] written, Who by Thy strength settest fast the mountains, Who art girded about with might.16 Whence do we know that mention of Rain is to be made in the Prayer?17 - It has been taught: To love the Lord your God and to serve Him with all your heart.18 What is Service of Heart? You must needs say, Prayer. And the verse following reads, That I will give the rain of your land in its season, the former rain and the latter rain.19 R. Johanan said: Three keys the Holy One blessed be He has retained in His own hands and not entrusted to the hand of any messenger, namely, the Key of Rain, the Key of Childbirth, and the Key of the Revival of the Dead. The Key of Rain, for It is written, The Lord will open unto thee His good treasure, the heaven to give the rain of thy land in its season,20 The Key of Childbirth, for it is written, And God remembered Rachel, and God hearkened

Jerusalem Talmud Gittin

MISHNAH: “This is your bill of divorce if I should die, this is your bill of divorce if I should die from this illness, this is your bill of divorce after my death,” he did not say anything⁴⁵Nobody can be divorced after his death. The next sentence makes it clear that a bill of divorce would be valid if given on condition to become activated one hour before the husband’s death. But from that moment he can no longer live with his wife without invalidating the divorce.. “From today if I should die, from now if I should die,” that is a bill of divorce. “From today after my death” is no bill of divorce⁴⁶The husband’s intent cannot be determined from this language. Does he want to say that the divorce shall be valid from the moment the bill was handed to his wife if he should die (either from the illness he is currently suffering from, or on a trip overseas he is just starting, or any other foreseeable dangerous situation which causes him to write the bill), or does he really mean that the divorce should become effective only at the time of his death? In the first case, the wife becomes a divorcee after his death, in the second case she becomes a widow.
In some Bablylonian sources, the wording is “it is and is not a bill of divorce.”; if he dies⁴⁷If he dies childless and has a brother, the wife cannot enter levirate marriage since she might be a divorcee; she cannot marry outside the family without ḥalîṣah since she might be a widow; cf. Introduction to Tractate Yebamot. she must receive ḥalîṣah but is barred from levirate marriage.

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Jerusalem Talmud Avodah Zarah

And who permitted it? Rebbi permitted it and his court³⁷⁵Babli36a.. At three places is Rebbi Jehudah the Prince called “our teachers,” in divorce documents³⁷⁶Giṭtin7:3, Notes 49–64. The essence of the controversy is whether a divorce document subject to a certain condition is only valid after the condition has been satisfied or is valid immediately but not actionable unless the condition be satisfied. The simplest example is that of a sick childless man who wants to shield his wife from levirate marriage (or prevent her from marrying his brother) by writing a bill of divorce valid if he should die from his disease. If he stipulates that divorce be “from today if I shall die”, the divorce is unquestionably valid. If he omits “from today” then for Rebbi it is valid, for the rabbis it is invalid since a dead person cannot divorce., oil, and a sole³⁷⁷Niddah3:4, Notes 93–98. The “sole” is the result of a miscarriage where no features are recognizable in the aborted fetus. For the rabbis, the woman is subject to all disabilities of a woman who gave birth to a male and a female (Lev. 12:1–8), for Rebbi and his court only if human features were recognizable.. They called him “the court which permitted oil.³⁷⁸In the other two sources: Should he not be called “a permissive court” (a pejorative term) since …“” Any court which permits three [previously forbidden] things is called “permissive court.” Rebbi Yudan said, his court disagreed with him about the bills of divorce. ³⁷⁹These two sentences really do not belong here; they are copied from the text in Giṭtin(Note 54) which thereby is shown to be the source of the preceding sentences, and refer to Mishnah Giṭtin7:10 about a man who gave his wife a bill of divorce valid if he should not return within 12 months, and notice was received of his death. Does she have to wait the full 12 months or not? May she be allowed to remarry? Rebbi Ḥaggai said, she is allowed to remarry. Rebbi Yose said, she is forbidden to remarry.

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