Talmud Jerusalem
Talmud Jerusalem

Talmud for Shevuot 2:1

ניתני שנים עשר פטור. לא אתינן מיתני אלא פטור שהוא כנגד חיוב. א"ר חייה בר אדא מהו אהן פטור דתנינן הכא מותר. א"ר יוסי עני ועשיר אחד הן ומנום חכמים שנים. הכנסה והוצאה שנים הן ומנום חכמים אחד. יציאות השבת אין הכנסה בכלל המוציא מרשות לרשות אין המכניס בכלל. ועוד מהדא דמר ר' יסא בשם ר' יוחנן הכניס חצי גרוגרת והוציא חצי גרוגרת חייב. ומניין שהוצאה קרויה מלאכה ר' שמואל בשם ר' יוחנן ויצו משה ויעבירו קול במחנה וגו' נמנעו העם מלהוציא מבתיהן לתת לגיזברין ומלהוציא מידן להכניס ללישכה. ר' חזקיה בשם ר' אחא שמע לה מן הדא ולא תוציאו משא מבתיכם ביום השבת וכל מלאכה לא תעשו. ר' מנא אמר לה סתם. ר' אבין בשם ר' יוחנן תנינן תרתי כללין ולא דמיין דין לדין. שבועות שתים שהן ארבע מביא ארבע קרבנות. מראות נגעים שנים שהן ארבע מביא ב' קרבנות. ר' לעזר בשם ר' אבין פתר לה פתר חורן. שבועות שתים שהן ארבע ר' עקיבה אומר. מראות נגעים שנים שהן ארבע ר' ישמעאל. ר' חגיי בעא קומי ר' יוסי

Come and see, [let us test this hypothesis by implication from our mishnah]: "...from the time that the Kohanim go in to eat their terumah." It is [still close to] daytime. It is as soon as the stars come out!? [and the Tosefta says:] "...from the time when people usually go in to eat their bread on the eve of the Sabbath." That is an hour or two after nightfall! [These are obviously two very different times.] And yet you say: "These opinions are close enough to be equal!?" --Rabbi Yose said: "Let the problem be resolved [by claiming that the Tosefta refers only] to those small villages whose way is to go on up [home] while it is still day, to spare themselves from the animals." It teaches in a Baraita: "The one who recites [the Shema] before this has not fulfilled their obligation. If so, why do we recite it [before nightfall] in the synagogue? Rabbi Yose said: 'We do not recite it in the synagogue to fulfill its obligation. Rather, [we recite it] so that we may stand up in prayer after a word of Torah." Rabbi Zeira in the name of Rav Yirmiyah: "If there is doubt whether he made the blessings after his food or not, he should make the blessings [even though he may be doing it a second time]. For it is written (Deut. 8:10) 'And you shall eat, and you shall be satisfied, then you shall bless [the LORD your God...]' If there is doubt whether he prayed or not, he should not pray [as he may have already done so.]" But he disagrees with Rabbi Yohanan. For Rabbi Yohanan said: "If only a person could pray the entire day!" Why? For prayer is never a waste. If there is doubt whether he recited [Shema] or not, we may gather from this baraita: "The one who recites [the Shema] before this has not fulfilled their obligation." And is not before [nightfall] a time of doubt? And yet you say "he should recite [Shema]." This implies that if there is doubt whether he recited [Shema] or not, he should recite [Shema]. [From Tosefta 1:1] "The indicator of this is when the stars come out. And though there is no proof of it [from Scripture], there is a trace of it: (Neh. 4:21) '...we were doing the labor, and half of them were holding the spears from the break of dawn until the stars came out.' And he writes: '...it is guard-time for us by night and labor by day." How many stars should come out so that it becomes night? Rabbi Pinhas in the name of Rabbi Abba bar Papa: "One star, surely day. Two, doubt. Three, surely night." "...two doubt," [really]? But is it not written, "...until the stars came out!?" Rather, [the plural] "stars" indicates two! [Not three!]--The first one doesn't count. [An unattributed baraita:] "If he sees one star on the eve of the Sabbath and performs a creative task, he is exempt [from punishment]. Two, he brings a conditional guilt offering, Three, he brings a sin offering. On the departure of the Sabbath, if he sees on star and performs a creative task,

Jerusalem Talmud Yoma

MISHNAH: They brought him the cup and the pan1Other Cohanim bring him an empty cup and the censer full of the incense specially prepared for this day.; he took his full fistfuls and put it into the cup, a big person according to his bigness, and a small person according to his smallness, this was their measure. He took the fire-pan2With the hot coals, which he had deposited on the uppermost step at the entrance to the Temple. into his right hand and the cup in his left, went into the Temple until he reached the space between the two gobelins which separate between the Holy and the Holiest of Holies with one cubit between them. Rebbi Yose says, there was only one gobelin as it was said3Ex. 26:33., and the gobelin shall separate for you between the Holy and the Holiest of Holies.
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Jerusalem Talmud Shabbat

Rebbi Ḥanania said, this is not what he said but he harvested half the volume of a dried fig in the morning, intentional regarding the Sabbath and in error regarding the work, and half the volume of a dried fig in the evening, in error regarding the Sabbath and intentional regarding the work; do the errors combine89This version, where all action happens on one and the same day, is reported in the Babli 71a, where also it is reported that R. Zeˋira holds that since the rules for purification sacrifices are different in both cases they cannot combine.? Rebbi Mana said, even though Rebbi Yose did not address this, he said something similar. If one ate half the volume of an olive being aware of the Sanctuary but oblivious of impurity and half the volume of an olive being oblivious of the Sanctuary but aware of impurity; do the oblivions combine90Ševuot 2:1 Note 51.?
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Jerusalem Talmud Shevuot

HALAKHAH: “If there is no knowledge at the start,” etc. What can you see to say? Does the one inside suspend and the one outside atone, or the one outside suspend and the one inside atone, or both of them suspend, or both of them atone112Since there are two purification sacrifices brought on the Day of Atonement, one (Lev. 16:15 ff.) whose blood is sprinkled on the gobelin separating the Temple Hall from the Holiest of Holies and the incense altar (Ex. 30:10), and one (Num. 29:11) whose blood is sprinkled on the large altar in the Temple courtyard. The question is whether each of these has a separate function or whether the day requires a double sacrifice for all its functions.? What about it? Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa said, I saw something. Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish was asking before Rebbi Joḥanan and asked him, what are the differences in atoning? I do not know what he answered him. Rebbi Ze`ira said to him, maybe it is the following: 113Halakhah 2, Note 90. These are known differences in the power of atonement but have nothing to do with the Day of Atonement. How did you understand to explain it? About an impure person who ate pure [meat], or a pure person who ate impure [meat]? The verse says: his impurity is on him. Impurity of the body, not impurity of the meat. Or both of them atone? What about it? 114Le v. 16:21. Babli Yoma 36b, Ševuot12b, Keritu t 25b.He should over it confess sins, these are intentional sins, their crimes, these are rebellions105Intentional sins, intended as “breaking the yoke of Heaven”. There is no homily on חַטָּאוֹת “unintentional sins” also mentioned in the verse., their mistakes, these are unintentional sins. Then He said, he will atone. Rebbi Immi said in the name of Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish, the ram will carry all their sins115Lev. 16:22., he grabbed intentional sins and left out unintentional sins116In fact only rebellions are mentioned to be carried to the desert even though three kinds of transgressions were put on the scapegoat’s head., to indicate that just as intentional sins do not carry the obligation of a sacrifice, so those unintentional sins which do not carry the obligation of a sacrifice117It is not that intentional sins not carry an obligation of a sacrifice but the sinner is prohibited from offering one (Num. 15:30–31.) Unintentional sins only require a sacrifice if the corresponding intentional sin is punishable by extirpation (Mishnah Keritut 1:2), others require repentance and atonement by the Day of Atonement. Babli Keritut 25b.. And why did they come here? Rebbi Ila in the name of Rebbi Yasa, for suspension118The commentators differ in what this means. The Day of Atonement suspends punishment to give the sinner time for repentance (Qorban Ha`edah) or the statement refers to the Mishnah that the Day of Atonement eliminates the obligation of a suspended sacrifice (Pene Mosheh). The sequel shows that neither of these alternatives applies but that the first alternative considered in the introductory paragraph applies; one purification sacrifice suspends punishment for certain categories of sins and the second atones.. Would it be understood to suspend for those who eat abominations and crawling things119Eating non-kosher animals is a sin (Lev. 11, Deut 14) but not one leading to extirpation. Therefore it is not subject to atonement by sacrifice.? Rebbi Samuel in the name of Rebbi Ze`ira: Their mistakes, their mistakes120The first חַטֹּאתָם is in Lev. 16:21 and refers to the scapegoat and its limited power of atonement, the second one to the final statement Lev. 16:34 which declares that all mistakes are atoned for on that day.. Since their mistakes mentioned there are those which carry the obligation of a sacrifice, also their mistakes mentioned here are those which carry the obligation of a sacrifice. This excludes intentional sins which do not carry the obligation of a sacrifice. What is left out by the ram brought inside112Since there are two purification sacrifices brought on the Day of Atonement, one (Lev. 16:15 ff.) whose blood is sprinkled on the gobelin separating the Temple Hall from the Holiest of Holies and the incense altar (Ex. 30:10), and one (Num. 29:11) whose blood is sprinkled on the large altar in the Temple courtyard. The question is whether each of these has a separate function or whether the day requires a double sacrifice for all its functions. the Day of Atonement suspends. What did it leave out? If there is no knowledge at the start but there is knowledge at the end.121This justifies the Mishnah; both actions of the Day of Atonement are needed. Babli 10a.
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Jerusalem Talmud Nazir

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