Talmud Jerusalem
Talmud Jerusalem

Tosefta for Berakhot 1:2

אנן תנינן משעה שהכהנים נכנסין לוכל בתרומתן. תני רבי חייא משעה שדרך בני אדם נכנסין לאכול פיתן בלילי שבת. ותני עלה קרובים דבריהן להיות שוין.

We recite [in our mishnah] "...from the time that the kohanim (Aaronide priests) enter to eat their Terumah (produce consecrated for priestly consumption)." Rabbi Chiya taught [in Tosefta Berakhot 1:1]: "...from the time that people usually go in to eat their bread on the eve of the Sabbath." And there is a baraita that comments on this: "These opinions are close enough to be equal."

Tosefta Berakhot

From when do we read Shema in the evenings? “From the time when people come [home] to eat their bread on Shabbat (Sabbath) nights,” [these are] the words of Rebbi Meir. And the Chachamim (Sages) say from the time when the Kohanim (priests) are able to eat their Terumah (heave offering). A sign for this is the coming out of the stars. And even though there is no explicit proof for this matter, there is an indirect reference: “… and half of them were holding spears from the morning twilight until the coming out of the stars.” (Nehemiah 4:15)
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