Tosefta for Shevuot 1:1
משנה שבועות שתים שהן ארבע ידיעות הטומאה שתים שהן ארבע יציאות השבת שתים שהן ארבע מראות נגעים שנים שהן ארבעה:
From when may one recite Shema in the evening? From the time the Kohanim go in to eat their Terumah (produce consecrated for priestly consumption). Until the end of the first watch, says Rabbi Eliezer. And the Sages say: Until [astronomical] midnight. Rabban Gamliel says: Until the break of dawn. It once happened that his [Rabban Gamliel’s] sons came from a house of feasting. They said to him: We have not recited Shema. He to them: If dawn has not broken, you are obligated to recite it. And it is not only in this case that they said it! Rather, in all cases where the Sages said "only until midnight," the obligation remains until the break of dawn. [e.g.] Burning the fats and limbs [of the sacrifices, on the Temple altar] — the obligation is until the break of dawn. [e.g.:] All [sacrifices] which may be eaten for one day — the obligation is until the break of dawn. If that is so, why did the Sages say, "until midnight?" To distance a person from transgression.
Tosefta Shevuot
If he had no knowledge at the beginning—whether there is knowledge at the beginning or knowledge at the end, the goats of the pilgrimage festivals and the goats of the new months atone according to Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Shimon [say] that they distinguish between the goats when there is no knowledge either at beginning or end and the clean person who ate impure [food]. The goats of the pilgrimages and the goats of the new months atone, according to Rabbi Yehuda. Rabbi Shimon says, the goats of the pilgrimages atone but not the goats of the new months. Rabbi Shimon concurred about a goat that was not offered at a pilgrimage could be offered on a new month. If it is not offered on the new month, it should be offered on Yom Kippur. If it is not offered on Yom Kippur, it should be offered on the next pilgrimage, for from the beginning the public’s offerings are only consecrated on the condition that they be offered on the outer altar. Rabbi Shimon would say 32 goats are offered for the public every year. Thirty one outside, and they are eaten; one inside and it is not eaten, and the goat that is sent out. Twelve for the twelve months of the year. Seven for Pesach. Eight for Sukkot. Two for Yom Kippur. One for Rosh Hashanah. Two for Shavuot. One for the show-bread and one for the day. If the first atones, for what does the second atone? For uncleanness that happens between this one and that. And they thus said a Jew must bring two goats on each day but ha-kadosh barukh hu had pity on the Jews’ possessions.
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Tosefta Shevuot
If he had no knowledge at the beginning—whether there is knowledge at the beginning or knowledge at the end, the goats of the pilgrimage festivals and the goats of the new months atone according to Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Shimon [say] that they distinguish between the goats when there is no knowledge either at beginning or end and the clean person who ate impure [food]. The goats of the pilgrimages and the goats of the new months atone, according to Rabbi Yehuda. Rabbi Shimon says, the goats of the pilgrimages atone but not the goats of the new months. Rabbi Shimon concurred about a goat that was not offered at a pilgrimage could be offered on a new month. If it is not offered on the new month, it should be offered on Yom Kippur. If it is not offered on Yom Kippur, it should be offered on the next pilgrimage, for from the beginning the public’s offerings are only consecrated on the condition that they be offered on the outer altar. Rabbi Shimon would say 32 goats are offered for the public every year. Thirty one outside, and they are eaten; one inside and it is not eaten, and the goat that is sent out. Twelve for the twelve months of the year. Seven for Pesach. Eight for Sukkot. Two for Yom Kippur. One for Rosh Hashanah. Two for Shavuot. One for the show-bread and one for the day. If the first atones, for what does the second atone? For uncleanness that happens between this one and that. And they thus said a Jew must bring two goats on each day but ha-kadosh barukh hu had pity on the Jews’ possessions.
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Tosefta Shevuot
If he had no knowledge at the beginning—whether there is knowledge at the beginning or knowledge at the end, the goats of the pilgrimage festivals and the goats of the new months atone according to Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Shimon [say] that they distinguish between the goats when there is no knowledge either at beginning or end and the clean person who ate impure [food]. The goats of the pilgrimages and the goats of the new months atone, according to Rabbi Yehuda. Rabbi Shimon says, the goats of the pilgrimages atone but not the goats of the new months. Rabbi Shimon concurred about a goat that was not offered at a pilgrimage could be offered on a new month. If it is not offered on the new month, it should be offered on Yom Kippur. If it is not offered on Yom Kippur, it should be offered on the next pilgrimage, for from the beginning the public’s offerings are only consecrated on the condition that they be offered on the outer altar. Rabbi Shimon would say 32 goats are offered for the public every year. Thirty one outside, and they are eaten; one inside and it is not eaten, and the goat that is sent out. Twelve for the twelve months of the year. Seven for Pesach. Eight for Sukkot. Two for Yom Kippur. One for Rosh Hashanah. Two for Shavuot. One for the show-bread and one for the day. If the first atones, for what does the second atone? For uncleanness that happens between this one and that. And they thus said a Jew must bring two goats on each day but ha-kadosh barukh hu had pity on the Jews’ possessions.
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