תלמוד על עירובין 4:1

MISHNAH: How does one complete towns? A house is recessed, a house is protruding, a superstructure¹Greek πῆγμα, τό. This expression is used for all structures that are not human dwellings. The pegma of a city wall is a watch tower. The example of the Babylonian Geonim (geonim Harkavi p. 182) is a dove-cote. is recessed, a superstructure is protruding²Since the Sabbath domain of a built-up area is a rectangle oriented NS-EW one starts measuring from a line, oriented NS or EW, which touches the built-up area but leaves the area entirely to one side of the line. In mathematical terminology the completion of the town is the area enclosed on a map of the town by its support lines oriented NS and EW.. If there were walls of ruins ten hand-breadths high or bridges or mausoleums containing dwellings³This also refers to bridges. they extend the measure correspondingly and one makes it like a rectangular table, in order to include the corners⁴Cf. Chapter 4, Note 18..

⁵⁸The text is copied by Nachmanides in his Novellae to Eruvin Chapter 4 (col. 596–597 in the edition Jerusalem 1973); a parallel for the entire paragraph is in the Babli 46a. A defective copy (by the corrector) also is in Chapter 6, Note 33. Rebbi Aḥa, Rebbi Ḥinena in the name of Cahana: Practice does [not]⁵⁹The scribe wrote “not” and then [erroneously] crossed it out. Therefore it is missing in the printed editions. follow Rebbi Jehudah. If it were not so what would we say? Rebbi Jehudah versus the Sages, practice should follow Rebbi Jehudah⁶⁰It should not be necessary to mention that practice does not follow the lone dissenter.? But since Rebbi Jacob bar Idi said in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi, practice follows the lenient opinion in Eruvin, and Rebbi Naḥman bar Isaac⁶¹Read with the later text and the quote in Nachmanides: R. Isaac bar Naḥman. said in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi, practice follows Rebbi Joḥanan ben Nuri⁶²In Mishnah 4:5, about a person who fell asleep in an uninhabited area on Friday afternoon and was sleeping during twilight, the Sages hold that since he did not consciously determine his place of rest at sundown he only can move inside 4 cubits from the place where he slept, but R. Joḥanan ben Nuri lets him move 2’000 cubits in every direction.. (We asked about it, did not Rebbi Jacob bar Idi say in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi, practice follows the lenient opinion in Eruvin, and Rav Naḥman bar Isaac said in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi, practice follows Rebbi Joḥanan ben Nuri.)⁶³The text in parentheses is duplicated afterwards; it is not in Nachmanides. We asked about it, we would think this⁶⁴That one follows the lenient opinion. refers to an individual versus an individual but not an individual versus the Sages. There came Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa, Jacob bar Idi said in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi, practice follows Rebbi Joḥanan ben Nuri even though the Sages disagree with him. Why should practice not follow Rebbi Jehudah even though the Sages disagree with him⁶⁵If practice follows R. Joḥanan ben Nuri as a matter of principle, it also should follow R. Jehudah in Mishnah 1:1.? Samuel said, practice follows the lenient opinion in Eruvin. Rav Ḥiyya bar Ashi said to him, for example what we have stated there, “and similarly one carries under panelled bridges on the Sabbath, the words of Rebbi Jehudah, but the Sages forbid it⁴⁰The bridge is supported by a structure of beams underneath with beams running lengthwise on both sides. R. Jehudah holds that the boundary of the space below the bridge is clearly indicated if there are virtual walls hanging down from the beams enclosing the space which therefore assumes the role of a house. The rabbis accept only real walls.”? He told him, did I not say Eruvin but partitions⁶⁶The case of a bridge is not a case of turning a common domain into private domain but whether the space under a bridge automatically has the status of a permanent dwelling which does not need any eruv.? Cahana shares Samuel’s opinion⁶⁷He agrees with Samuel not only that in matters of eruv one follows the lenient opinion but also that the principle does not apply to questions of partitions. In the matter of an alley he holds that turning it into a private domain needs two things, first the fixation of the entrance partition described in Mishnah 1:1 to which the principle does not apply, and the collection of an eruv as described in Chapter 2, to which the principle does apply.. Therefore it was necessary to say that practice does not follow Rebbi Jehudah.

MISHNAH: Rebbi Jehudah says, up to two bet se’ah⁴In his opinion the maximal size of domain for which double planks are authorized are the standard 5’000 square cubits.. They said to him, two bet se’ah were said only for a garden patch⁵An irrigated vegetable garden. and a corral⁶For cattle.. But if there was a sheep-pen, or a sheep corral, or a backyard, or a front yard, even five bet kor⁷A kor is 30 seˋah; a bet kor 75’000 square cubits., even ten bet kor are permitted and it is permitted to put them arbitrarily far away on condition to add planks³The distances between two planks cannot be greater than those described in Mishnah 1, 5 cubits for R. Meïr and 14 for R. Jehudah..