תלמוד על מכות 3:1

HALAKHAH: “If a woman had made a vow of nazir,” etc. Biblical whippings are 39 lashes⁴³Mishnah Makkot 3:10.. One evaluates him; if he can stand it, one whips him, if not, one does not whip him. Blows of rebelliousness: one strikes him until he accepts⁴⁴To follow rabbinic rules. or until he dies.

MISHNAH: A nazir who was drinking wine all day long is guilty only once. If he was told “do not drink, do not drink” and he did drink, he is guilty for each single infraction¹⁷⁰If he was duly warned once by two witnesses, he can be prosecuted and punished for one offense.
If he was repeatedly warned and flouted each warning, he can be prosecuted for disregarding each warning separately. The same rules apply for all three prohibitions imposed on a nazir..
One who shaved all day long is guilty only once. If he was told “do not shave, do not shave” and he did shave, he is guilty for each single infraction.
One who defiled himself for the dead all day long is guilty only once. If he was told “do not defile yourself, do not defile yourself” and he did defile himself, he is guilty for each single infraction.

Rebbi Joḥanan in the name of Rebbi Hoshaia: Putting down prevents, making the declaration does not prevent¹²²In the Babli, Makkot 17a, this is a statement of Rabba bar bar Ḥana in the name of R. Joḥanan. The statement does not disqualify a person who cannot read the declaration; it only applies to persons required to read, cf. Note 113. An action “prevents” if the ceremony becomes invalid if it is omitted.. But did we not state¹²³Mishnah Makkot 3:3; discussed in Babli Makkot 18b. A Cohen who eats of First Fruits before the ceremony of dedication is whipped.: “He who eats First Fruits before the declaration was made for them”? Rav Hoshaiah, Rav Jehudah in the name of Samuel: That is Rebbi Aqiba’s¹²⁴In Makkot 13a, the attribution of Mishnah Makkot 3:3 is given in the name of R. Joḥanan.. Rebbi Yose asked, which statement of Rebbi Aqiba? Rebbi Mana said, I heard my father¹²⁵R. Jonah. state: Putting down prevents, making the declaration does not prevent; Rebbi Aqiba says, making the declaration does prevent. Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Eleazar: Why did they say that putting down prevents? Because it applies to everybody. Rebbi Tanḥuma, Rebbi Huna in the name of Rebbi Eleazar: Because it is repeated¹²⁶“Putting down” is mentioned both in Deut. 26:4, as an action of the Cohen, and 26:10, as an action of the farmer.. Rebbi Abba Mari said both¹²⁷R. Eleazar did not change his mind; he gave two different explanations for two different schools of thought., one following Rebbi Jehudah, the other following the rabbis¹²⁸The ceremony is described in Mishnah 3:4. According to the anonymous Tanna, the farmer keeps his basket on his shoulder until he has read the entire declaration (and then hands the basket over to the Cohen who deposits it near the altar.) According to R. Jehudah, only the declaration in Deut. 26:3 is made with the basket on the farmer’s shoulder. Then the farmer holds the basket by its handles, the Cohen puts his hands under the basket and weaves it (as required by the anonymous Mishnah 2:4). Only after that, the declaration 26:5–10 is made and the basket deposited near the altar. For R. Jehudah, the first “putting down” is into the hands of the Cohen, the second on the floor. For him, both mentions are necessary.
The other sources more or less follow R. Jehudah. Sifry Deut. #300 infers from 26:4, “you shall put it down before the altar of the Eternal, your God”, that in the absence of an altar there cannot be any obligation of First Fruits. In #301 it is inferred from the double mention of “putting down” that there are two, one for the declaration and one for the subsequent prostration.
The late Targum Yerushalmi (Pseudo Jonathan) translates 26:4: “The Cohen shall take the basket from your hand, move it forward and backward, upward and downward, and at the end put it down before the altar of the Eternal, your God.” The first inserted text describes the “weaving” required by R. Jehudah. Verse 10 is translated without addition: “… put it down before the Eternal, your God, and prostrate yourself before the Eternal, your God.”. For Rebbi Judah who said it had to be repeated, because it applies to everybody¹²⁹For R. Jehudah the two mentions of “putting down” are needed in the description of the ceremony. For him, accepting First Fruits from a person who cannot recite is a rabbinic interpretation, unsupported by the biblical text.. For the rabbis who instruct that it did not need to be repeated, because it was repeated¹³⁰Since for them there is only one “putting down”; the double mention is for emphasis..