תלמוד על סנהדרין 1:2

MISHNAH: Both civil suits and criminal suits require cross-examination and investigation¹Cross-examination is the interrogation of witnesses which changes from trial to trial. Investigation is the determination of answers to the obligatory questions enumerated in Mishnah 5:1., as it is said: One set of rules shall be for you²³This is the opposite of rigidity. The understanding of Torah and with it the entire code of behavior required by it is a function of time. While precedents should be overthrown only for very weighty reasons, no rule is invariable for all times.. What is the difference between civil suits and criminal suits? Civil suits are tried before three judges, criminal suits before 23. In civil suits one starts with arguments either for acquittal or conviction; in criminal courts one starts with arguments⁴In the discussion by the judges after all evidence was presented. for acquittal but not for conviction.

MISHNAH: Anyone who was stoned is hanged⁶²Deut. 21:22 is read as a requirement that the corpse of the criminal be hanged after execution, not as recognizing hanging as a legitimate form of execution., the words of Rebbi Eliezer. But the Sages say, only the blasphemer and the idolator are hanged. A man is hanged face to the people and a woman face to the pole, the words of Rebbi Eliezer. But the Sages say, a man is hanged⁶³Since Deut. 21:21 refers to a man being executed., a woman is not hanged.
Rebbi Eliezer said, it happened that Simeon ben Shetaḥ hanged women in Ascalon. They told him, he hanged eighty women, but one does not try two on the same day⁶⁴In addition, he used hanging as a form of execution, which is forbidden..

MISHNAH: If one said to two persons, give a bill of divorce to my wife¹³⁷Since the husband did not authorize a scribe, the appointed persons themselves have to write the bill of divorce., or to three persons, write a bill of divorce and deliver to my wife, they should write and deliver¹³⁸Since he specifically asked them to write, they cannot constitute themselves as a court and direct the scribe of the court to write the bill but must write it themselves.. If he said to three persons, deliver a bill of divorce to my wife, they shall ask others to write since he appointed them as a court, the words of Rebbi Meïr. This instructions for practice did Ḥananiah¹³⁹In Sanhedrin 1:2 (18d last line) he is called Ḥanina; in Babli sources Rebbi Ḥanina. from Ono send from jail: I know from tradition that if someone said to three persons, deliver a bill of divorce to my wife, they shall ask others to write since he appointed them as a court. Rebbi Yose said, we told the messenger that we also know from tradition that even if he said to the Supreme Court in Jerusalem, deliver a bill of divorce to my wife, they shall learn¹⁴⁰If they do not know how to write a document., write, and deliver. If he said to ten persons, write a bill of divorce for my wife, one writes and two sign. All of you shall write, one writes and all sign. Therefore, if one of them died, the bill of divorce would be void.