תלמוד על תרומות 2:1

MISHNAH: Wheat and zěwānîn¹Arabic זִוַאן, זֻוַאן, זַוַאן defined in the dictionaries as “Lolium temulentum L., tare, darnel grass.” E. and H. Hareubeni, in a memoir dedicated to זונין (Tarbiẓ 10, 1939, 172–189), indicate that the same name is also used in many places for Cephalaria Syriaca L.; the common denominator of the two very different plants is that they are weeds and their seeds spoil the flour if they are ground with it. The grains produced by Lolium are light gray; if infected by a fungus they become dark and poisonous. Lolium belongs to the same family as most grains. It is used as fodder for chickens. Cephalaria is a grass from the family of dipsaceas. Its grains are almost black, about the size of a wheat kernel, and are poisonous to humans but eagerly eaten by pigeons. One has to wonder whether the word could also designate grain blight, whose poison is generated by a fungus just as that of Lolium.
Maimonides defines זונין as a kind of inedible wheat; this could indicate blight. Arukh explains by Italian niella, “black kernels.” This translation would fit both Cephalaria and grain blight. The Hareubenis report that in the Arabic of Galilee and Syria, the same word שַׁילַם denotes Lolium,Cephalaria, and blight. are not kilaim one with the other. Barley and fox tail²Maimonides defines this as “prairie barley,” R. Asher and R. Obadia from Bertinoro as (Spanish and Italian) avena “oats.”, spelt and oats³R. Asher defines as French seigle, “rye,” following Rashi and Rabbenu Gershom to Babli Pesaḥim35a. Maimonides: “prairie wheat.” Arukh: espelda (modern Italian spelta) “spelt.” The Babli Menaḥot 70b defines שיפון by Aramaic דישרא which can be compared either to Syriac/Arabic دوس “aegilops, barley darnel” (which would parallel זונין for wheat) or to Accadic dišarru “a kind of grain, oats, or rye.”, beans⁴In Hebrew and Arabic used only for beans not eaten with their pods, mostly vicia faba. and Indian peas⁵Maimonides: Arabic מאש Phaseolus maximus L. (in the opinion of H. L. Fleischer, Phaseolus mungo), Arukh: cicercula, chick-pea. and grass peas⁶Maimonides: Arabic גֻלֻבָּאן Lathyrus sativus or Lathyrus cicera, Arukh: Italian piso “pea.” and chick peas⁷Maimonides: A kind of peas that are spherical and hard, resembling oat grains. Arukh: Arabic גֻלֻבָּאן Lathyrus sativus. and fava beans and green beans⁸Eaten for their pods. Maimonides: Arabic לוּבִּיָא “beans.” are not kilaim one with the other⁹This refers separately to each group of two plants connected by “and”..