משנה בתולה נישאת ביום הרביעי ואלמנה ביום החמישי שפעמים בשבת בתי דינין יושבין בעיירות ביום השני וביום החמישי שאם היה לו טענת בתולים היה משכים לבית דין:
From when may one recite Shema in the evening? From the time the Kohanim go in to eat their Terumah (produce consecrated for priestly consumption). Until the end of the first watch, says Rabbi Eliezer. And the Sages say: Until [astronomical] midnight. Rabban Gamliel says: Until the break of dawn. It once happened that his [Rabban Gamliel’s] sons came from a house of feasting. They said to him: We have not recited Shema. He to them: If dawn has not broken, you are obligated to recite it. And it is not only in this case that they said it! Rather, in all cases where the Sages said "only until midnight," the obligation remains until the break of dawn. [e.g.] Burning the fats and limbs [of the sacrifices, on the Temple altar] — the obligation is until the break of dawn. [e.g.:] All [sacrifices] which may be eaten for one day — the obligation is until the break of dawn. If that is so, why did the Sages say, "until midnight?" To distance a person from transgression.
Jerusalem Talmud Ketubot
MISHNAH: The following adolescent girls1The biblical law prescribes (Deut. 22:28–29) that the man raping נַעֲרָה בְתוּלָה “a virgin adolescent girl” has to pay her father 50 šeqel and must marry her. In the corresponding law about the seducer of a virgin (Ex. 22:15) he has to pay if he does not marry the girl. In that paragraph, the adolescent is not mentioned; but since it is stated that the father has the right to withhold her from the seducer, it follows that the girl cannot be an adult; she must be underage or adolescent. An adolescent is a girl in the first 6 months after she grows two pubic hairs, cf. Nedarim Chapter 10, Note 1. The age at which the fine can be claimed is the topic of Halakhah 3:9. can claim a fine: From someone who has intercourse with a bastard girl2Obviously, one who rapes or seduces an eligible Jewish girl has to pay. The Mishnah enumerates only those categories where there might be an argument that he should not be required to pay. Each category is discussed in the Halakhah. A bastard is excluded from contracting a valid marriage in the native congregation in Deut. 23:3., or a Gibeonite or a Samaritan girl, and one who comes to a female proselyte, a kidnap victim, or a slave girl who was redeemed, converted, or freed, at less than three years and one day of age3Cf. Mishnah 1:2.. Also from one who has intercourse with his sister, or his father’s sister, or his mother’s sister, or his wife’s sister, or his brother’s wife4If she was divorced or became a widow before the final marriage. The preliminary marriage activates all incest prohibitions implied by marriage., or his paternal uncle’s wife5But for a capital crime he does not pay since there cannot be two punishments for one crime. Extirpation is a divine punishment, outside the purview of a human court., or a menstruating girl; he has to pay the fine since it is not a capital crime6This word is in the ms. and editio princeps but should be deleted. even though he is subject to extirpation.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Jerusalem Talmud Ketubot
“She went out with uncovered head.” Rebbi Ḥiyya in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan, like those who went out on the Day of Atonement23The virgins of Jerusalem who went out to dance in the vineyards on the 15th of Ab and the Day of Atonement to find husbands (Mishnah Ta‘anit 4:8).. If she went out with uncovered head, the witnesses testify24To the fact that she had her head uncovered before the wedding. that she had not been cohabitated with. Should one not worry that she was a virgin after final marriage? That means, a virgin after final marriage does not go out with uncovered head25As in German one says “under die Haube kommen” (“to get under the bonnet”) for “to be married”, the widow who is a virgin is a lady, always wearing a hat, no longer a girl.. Should one not worry that she had been injured by wood? That must follow Rebbi Meïr, since Rebbi Meïr says26Mishnah 1:3. the ketubah of one injured by wood is 200 [zuz]. Rebbi Joḥanan said, they did not worry about infrequent occurrences27Mishnah 2:1 does not contradict the position of the Sages in Mishnah 1:3. The Babli agrees in a different context, 16a..
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Jerusalem Talmud Ketubot
MISHNAH: The following cannot claim a fine: One who comes to a proselyte woman, a kidnap victim, or a slave girl who was redeemed, converted, or freed, at more than three years and one day of age3Cf. Mishnah 1:2.. Rebbi Jehudah says, the redeemed kidnap victim is in her holiness35She is trustworthy if she asserts that she is a virgin. even if she is an adult.
